投影图像法对旋转体空间扫描角和转速的测量研究

扫描角和转速是某伞一弹系统风洞试验中要求必须测量的重要技术参数.对伞-弹系统扫描角和转速进行定量动态测量是试验中必不可少的技术环节.投影图像法测量的原理就是利用一定截面积的两路正交平行光源,将旋转弹体分别投影到两个正交的投影屏上,利用两套高速CCD成像系统,将两路弹体投影图像同步采集并实时记录下来,试验结束后利用图像处理软件自动计算出两路图像序列角度分量,按照时序合成出每一时刻弹体的空间扫描角,并根据序列角度分量,计算出弹体的瞬时转速和全周期平均转速.利用该测量方法,在西安某所立式风洞中成功对多个型号的伞-弹旋转弹体空间扫描角和弹体转速进行了测量,取得了良好的测量结果.旋转体的静态角度测量精度为0. 18°,动态扫描角测量精度控制在0. 25°以内.作者从扫描角测量原理和方法人手,着重介绍该投影图像处理测量系统的设计和实际运用,给出了某伞-弹系统风洞试验的测量结果.     

模型变形视频测量的相机位置坐标与姿态角确定

高速风洞试验中的模型变形视频测量(VMD)要求双(多)相机大角度大重叠的测量方式,而通过现有共线方程的线性化模型难以取得高精度的相机位置与姿态角,故推导包含共线方程泰勒展开二次项的非线性误差模型,建立3控制点的VMD相机位置与姿态确定技术.多个工程实例表明该技术能取得高精度的相机位置坐标与姿态角,有实用价值.     

薄膜电阻温度计原理性误差分析及数据处理方法研究

薄膜电阻温度计是高超声速测热试验中一种常用的传感器,多用于激波风洞中.改进薄膜电阻温度计测热数据的后处理方法,分析其原理性误差,提出修正方法,可以进一步提高热流测量精度,为防热设计提供可靠数据.应用三维热传导理论,考虑热流和温升的耦合影响,计算了气动加热条件下薄膜电阻温度计结构温升情况,得到了铂层内的温度分布规律,并与一维半无限简化理论得到的薄膜电阻温度计表层温度相互对比,得到了模型简化带来的原理性误差;建立了由表面温升计算表面热流的导热反问题计算方法,与经典的Cook-Felderman处理公式和热电模拟网络处理方法相互对比,提出了修止热流值的方法,为提高热流测量精度提供了一种可行的手段.     

基于风洞试验的非定常空气动力模型识别

在某飞机模型大振幅风洞试验的基础上,分析讨论了单自由度叠加模型、动导数模型、混合模型和非定常模型的适用性.结果表明,单自由度叠加模型、动导数模型和混合模型在小攻角时均是可用的,在大攻角时都不能正确反映飞机的非定常迟滞特性;但与前两种模型相比,混合模型在中等攻角时仍然适用.对于非定常模型,无论在小攻角还是大攻角时,均能较好地反映耦合运动的非定常气动特性.     

无刷直流起动/发电系统的起动控制

介绍了用于某型飞机的无刷直流机载起动/发电系统。该系统的起动/发电机采用电励磁双凸极电机,文中通过改进电机结构降低了起动时的转矩脉动,在理论分析的基础上提出了基于转速变化的阶段性角度控制:低速采用标准位置查询起动,中高速采用随转速变化自动改变提前角的角度控制方式,使起动机工作在最佳状态。最后,完成了18 kW无刷起动/发电系统的样机制作及航空发动机的冷开车试验。试验表明:该系统的起动控制策略正确有效,起动转矩平滑,所需电源容量小,效率高,具有良好的起动性能。     

Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites

It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time.     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Numerical analysis of deflection control of a gas plasma jet based on magnetohydrodynamic staggered electrode configuration

To control the deflection of the gas plasma jet, a new analytical method is proposed based on the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) technique. Based on the typical MHD power generation model, the applied voltage is applied to the staggered electrodes, that is, a pair of electrodes on the same side wall are connected to generate an axial current in the channel. Under the action of the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the flow, the plasma is subjected to electromagnetic forces perpendicular...     

火星大气进入段抗饱和固定时间阻力加速度跟踪制导律设计

研究了具有固定时间收敛特性的火星探测器大气进入段的标称轨迹跟踪制导问题。首先,针对横向运动,给出与速度成线性关系的航向误差漏斗走廊形式,完成了倾侧角的反号逻辑设计。与横程漏斗走廊反号逻辑相比,该逻辑计算量小,更适用于宇航计算机。与航向误差宽度走廊反号逻辑相比,该逻辑在高速状态下能够避免倾侧角的频繁切换,可提高任务成功的概率。其次,针对纵向运动,通过RBF神经网络补偿了倾侧角饱和问题,利用积分滑模设计了阻力加速度固定时间饱和跟踪制导律,其不仅可有效消除滑模控制的抖振问题,且将跟踪误差以两种不同形式引入制导律,能够加速收敛,能够保证跟踪误差在固定时间内快速收敛至0。最后,通过数值仿真验证了所设计的横向倾侧角切换逻辑和纵向制导律对标称轨迹的快速、精确跟踪能力。