Survey of mission evolution and flexibility in the Space Shuttle program

Given the diversity of missions it has accomplished and the myriad of adaptations it has undergone, the US Space Shuttle is widely regarded as a highly flexible space vehicle. With the Shuttle’s upcoming 2011 retirement, it is instructive to survey the history of this vehicle’s flexibility for the insights it can provide to the design and characterization of flexibility in future space systems. Data are presented on the evolution of mission requirements over time for 120 missions performed by the Space Shuttle over a period of some 27 years. Distinct trends in the time domain – as well as their causes – are identified and discussed, and early manifest plans from 1982 serve as a confirmation that these trends were not originally anticipated. Eight examples are then presented of engineering modifications that allowed the Shuttle to adapt and accommodate these requirement changes. Several additional instances of Shuttle flexibility are explored, such as post-Columbia disaster modification, upgrade programs and derived vehicles, and one case in which flexibility was inhibited by an early design decision.     

航空航天用钛合金表面工程技术研究进展

钛合金以其高比强度、低密度等优点,被广泛应用于航空航天零件中.然而,钛合金也存在硬度低、耐磨性差、高温氧化抗力差等弱点,表面应力集中敏感导致的疲劳问题也较突出,需利用表面工程技术克服磨损、腐蚀和疲劳3大问题.介绍了近10年来钛合金耐磨涂层、抗氧化涂层与抗疲劳表面改性技术的研究进展,并对技术发展趋势进行了展望,为表面工程...     

车辆组合导航定位系统中测量元件的参数修正

阐述了GPS(Global Positioning System)/DRS(Dead Reckoning System)/MM(Map Matching)车辆组合导航定位系统组成和车辆定位算法,提出了利用Kalman滤波和非Kalman滤波算法修正测量元件参数,解决了测量元件参数的漂移问题.仿真实验表明该方法具有较好的修正效果.      

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of brazed IN718 ultrathin-walled capillary structure using different particulate reinforced filler alloy

The development of hypersonic precooled combined cycle engine provides a reliable power system for the future intercontinental navigation and reusable space orbital transportation.The compact heat exchanger precooler is the key component of the cooling cycle system, which provides efficient heat management for the hypersonic engine. This investigation mainly focused on the manufacturing process of precooler, and the typical structure of the precooler, ultrathin-walled capillary structure, was fa...     

典型空间聚合物介质的抗内带电改性技术

消除航天器介质内带电所产生脉冲放电威胁的最佳方式,除有效屏蔽外,就是研制不会产生脉冲放电的介质材料和绝缘结构件.通过对航天器用聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂和聚四氟乙烯等几种典型聚合物的改性研究发现,采用微米级无机粉料对聚合物介质材料进行改性,只要添加剂的电导率显著低于聚合物的电导率,该复合介质材料即可产生显著的非线性电阻率特性,可以实现在介质内带电程度达到放电阈值时迅速以非脉冲电导电流方式释放掉所储存的危险电荷,有可能达到消除脉冲放电的目标;当该添加剂含有微量"施主"杂质时甚至还可以提高介质材料在正常情况下的电阻率.对复合介质非线性电阻特性的产生机理进行了分析.      

直齿面齿轮修形及承载接触分析

提出了直齿面齿轮副齿廓修形的设计方法.通过对齿条刀具的直廓失配修形,获得了类似抛物线型的传动误差.建立了直齿面齿轮副轮齿接触分析(TCA)和承载接触分析(LTCA)的计算模型.啮合性能分析表明:齿廓修形能够使直齿面齿轮接触路径发生倾斜从而增大齿面有效重合度,还能避免边缘接触、改善齿面载荷分布与承载传动误差、提高传动的稳定性.      

对歼八某型飞机机体改型的探讨

探讨歼八某型机体改型的可能性,使歼八某型机体由二代战机平台提升至三代战机平台.主要的改进有:飞行过载由7 g提升至8 g或更大,以提高飞行机动性能;作战半径由×××km提升至××××km以上;机翼下表面导弹挂点增加到8个.由于机体结构修改范同不大,因而,继承原歼八某型飞机已有可用成果,可以做到省力、省钱、省时,使歼八某型飞机在短时间内挤入第三代战机的行列.     

电子仪器泄复压试验设备改造

电子仪器泄复压试验是载人航天系统工程中的一项关键技术。文章介绍了北京卫星环境工程研究所泄复压试验设备的改造目的以及改造方案,重点运用理论研究的方法即泄压设计分析与复压设计分析,使改造后的设备同时满足两类技术要求,并结合工程试验研究加以验证。通过调试试验证明,改造后的设备满足相应的技术要求,可以保证泄复压试验的顺利进行。     

成形法加工的弧线齿面齿轮几何接触分析

研究了成形法加工的弧线齿面齿轮齿面接触分析及齿面修形.弧线产形齿条是由具有一定刀倾角的刀盘形成,用其推导展成加工的弧线齿圆柱齿轮和成形法加工的弧线齿面齿轮齿面方程,同时通过刀具抛物线齿廓对大轮齿面进行修形;在此基础上,建立了包括考虑安装误差在内的弧线齿面齿轮齿面接触分析(TCA)模型;最后通过算例的啮合性能分析,表明对大轮齿面修形可降低传动误差幅值和获得较好传动误差曲线,且该类传动装置对安装误差敏感性较低.      

纤维表面处理对PBO/ 环氧界面性能的影响

为提高PBO纤维/环氧树脂的剪切强度,采用聚合物涂层法对PBO纤维进行表面改性。通过NOL环复合材料层间剪切强度测试,研究不同浓度的表面涂层处理液、不同浸渍工艺对复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。结果表明:PBO纤维表面经不同涂层处理液处理后,层间剪切强度均高于未经表面处理的;当PBO纤维经过以涂层A为一浴浸渍液、涂层B为二浴浸渍液的两次浸渍工艺处理后,层间剪切强度最高,比未经表面处理的提高了61%。