有限推力能量、燃料最优轨道转移控制

应用间接法研究了时间固定下的能量、燃料以及能量-燃料最优有限推力轨道转移控制问题.燃料最优问题因存在奇异性而不易处理,引入能量性能指标可以消除奇异性,应用ε算法寻求解决了燃料最优轨道转移问题.应用极小值原理,设计了最优控制器,应用单值打靶法研究了相应轨迹优化问题转化的两点边值问题.数值结果表明在相同推力、相同轨道转移时间条件下,三种最优控制方式得到的最优轨迹几乎相同;同时也表明给定初始和目标轨道,轨道转移任务消耗的燃料是确定的,推力大小只影响轨道转移的圈数.     

深空通信中提示否定确认型CFDP协议延时估算

为确定空间数据咨询委员会（CCSDS）建议高级在轨系统中CCSDS文件传输协议（CFDP）在深空通信环境中的适应性,研究了CFDP中提示否定确认型文件传输协议（Prompt NAK CFDP）的传输机理。给出了此传输方式的文件传输时延估算方法。分析了误码率、传输速率、协议数据单元的大小与数量,以及提示信息数等对传输时延的影响,获得了深空通信对误码率的要求。研究表明：CFDP可用于深空通信,为其进一步应用和改进提供了参考。     

轨道轰炸飞行器过渡段轨道设计与制导

针对轨道轰炸飞行器(OBV)的过渡段轨道设计与制导技术进行了讨论.在初始点位置、再入点位置和再入角固定的前提下,根据冲量假设和二体理论设计了固定时间转移轨道,其实质在于制动点位置和制动速度的确定.为了消除设计偏差,提出了一种基于虚拟再入点补偿的有限推力制导方案,并简要分析了关机点参数的选取原则.对于耗尽关机的动力系统,通过运用能量管理技术实现了多余燃料的耗散.仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性.     

密集型阵列冲击射流换热特性实验

设计了多种不同几何参数的阵列射流冲击孔实验件,利用红外热像仪对其冲击冷却进行了热像显示实验,获得了冲击射流雷诺数和几何参数对局部对流换热特性的影响规律.结果表明:①对流换热系数随着射流雷诺数R_ej的增加而逐渐增大;②随着孔间距的或者冲击间距的增大,冲击冷却的对流换热效果逐渐减弱;③当孔间距与孔径之比在3～5时,顺排阵列射流的强化换热效果优于叉排,而当孔间距与孔径之比为2时,在阵列射流上游叉排排布的强化换热效果优于顺排,而在下游则顺排排布的强化换热效果占优.      

扰流柱几何参数对层板流阻和换热特性的影响

研究了扰流柱几何参数中填充比和直径比对于层板结构流阻和换热特性的影响,在进口流量和两侧换热条件相同情况下,对孔径、通道高度和开孔率相同,扰流柱均为圆柱形,出气孔均倾斜60°角,但扰流柱填充比和扰流柱直径比不一样的15种模型进行了流固耦合计算,得到了模型的流阻和换热特性.结果表明对于流阻而言,填充比的增加有利于层板模型流阻的减小和换热效率的提高;同时,在等填充比条件下,主扰流柱直径的增加有利于层板流阻的减小;当主、副扰流柱直径相同时,换热效果达到最佳.      

溢流条件下飞机结冰过程的传热特性研究

基于液/固相变和液膜流动的基础理论,对飞机结冰过程的传热特性进行了研究,建立了溢流与液/固相变耦合的结冰传热模型,并采用该模型对来流各参数对冰层生长特性的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,结冰表面液态水的溢流将促进液/固相变过程,并进而提高冰层生长速率.气动剪切力是影响溢流效应的主要因素,来流速度越高,气动剪切力越大,溢流效应也越明显;反之,则溢流效应越微弱.在溢流条件下,来流参数中来流温度和速度是影响冰层生长速率的主要原因.来流速度越高或温度越低,则冰层生长速率越大,反之则生长速率越小.比较而言,液态水含量和水收集系数的变化对冰层生长速率的影响相对较小.      

Direct Optimization of Low-thrust Many-revolution Earth-orbit Transfers

Low-thrust Earth-orbit transfers with 10^?5-order thrust-to-weight ratios involve a large number of orbital revolutions which poses a real challenge to trajectory optimization. This article develops a direct method to optimize minimum-time low-thrust many-revolution Earth-orbit transfers. A parameterized control law in each orbit, in the form of the true optimal control, is proposed, and the time history of the parameters governing the control law is interpolated through a finite number of nodal values. The orbital averaging method is used to significantly reduce the computational workload and the trajectory optimization is conducted based on the orbital averaging dynamics expressed by nonsingular equinoctial elements. Furthermore, Earth's shadowing and perturbation effects are taken into account. The optimal transfer problem is thus converted to the parameter optimization problem that can be solved by nonlinear programming. Taking advantage of the mapping between the parameterized control law and the Lyapunov control law, a technique is proposed to acquire good initial guesses for optimization variables, which results in enlarged convergence domain of the direct optimization method. Numerical examples of optimal Earth-orbit transfers are presented.     

航天器舱体热密封结构多物理场耦合数值分析方法研究

综合考虑航天器舱体外围高超声速流动、密封带及舱体结构传热以及密封结构内部的空腔流动传热,提出航天器高温热密封结构的瞬态多物理场耦合分析方法。利用改进型Van Driest变换方法进行高超声速流动环境预测,基于高斯－赛德尔分块迭代耦合方法完成一体化耦合计算方法。采用包含不同材料结构部件的复合结构,计算了0～200 s内有无密封塞两种情况下的各部分结构的瞬态热传导过程。结果表明,密封塞的使用可显著降低空腔内的最高温度,瞬态变化情况的考虑更加准确地反映了各部分结构部件及内部空腔的温度变化情况。该文的计算方法可广泛应用于航天器热密封结构的传热特性分析,可为火箭等航天器上的高温密封部件设计提供有效的数值分析工具。     

机载热管冷板振动与加速度试验研究

为了考察机载振动与加速度环境对热管冷板传热性能的影响,以不同结构形式的普通铜水热管冷板与微热管阵列冷板为研究对象,搭建振动与加速度试验台进行试验。试验结果表明:Z向振动与加速度较X向与Y向对热管冷板传热性能的影响大,但振动的影响基本可以忽略,微热管阵列冷板受加速度的影响大于双U型普通热管冷板;加速度量级的增加对热管冷板传热性能的影响较小;双U型普通热管冷板在振动与加速度条件下的性能最优。     

Towards a cooperation between the arts,space science research and the European Space Agency – Preliminary findings of the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS)

The arts offer alternative insights into reality, which are explored by science in general, and broadened by the activities conducted by the European Space Agency [4] and other space agencies. Similar to the way the members of ESA are ambassadors for spaceflight and science, artists and cultural professionals are ambassadors for human expression, experimentation, and exploration. In June 2011, the ESA Topical Team Arts and Sciences (ETTAS) held a three-day workshop at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. During this workshop, topics and ideas were discussed to develop initiatives between the arts, sciences and ESA. The aim was to foster and expand the human and cultural aspects of space exploration, and at the same time offer a means of communication that aims to reach audiences beyond the scope of traditional space-related channels. The consensus of the team was that establishing and sustaining a transdisciplinary professional community consisting of ESA representatives, scientists and artists would fuel knowledge transfer, and mutual inspiration. Potential ways to provide a sustainable cooperation within and between the various groups were discussed. We present the preliminary findings including a number of measures and mechanisms to initiate and conduct such an initiative. Plausible organisational measures, procedures and consequences, as well as a proposition on how to proceed are also discussed. Overall, the involvement and cooperation between the arts, space science research and ESA will enhance in the citizens of the ESA member states the sense of public ownership of ESA results, and participation in ESA?s research.