GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

The geomagnetic solar flare effect identified by SIIG as an indicator of a solar flare observed by GOES satellites

This paper studies the efficiency of geomagnetic solar flare effects (gsfe) in X solar flare detection; so during the period 1999–2007 a comparison between solar flare (sf) observed by satellites of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) programme and gsfe published by the Service International des Indices Geomagnetiques (SIIG) is made.     

新电位移边界条件下的压电介质断裂问题

应用边界元法,并结合一种特殊的复变函数基本解,研究了压电介质的断裂问题。由于该基本解完全遵循本构方程没有对电位移边界作假设,所以结论同非穿透性裂纹假设的结果有较大差异。通过计算表明,外加力载荷不但会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性,也会引起电场奇异性,同样,外加电压也会引起裂纹尖端应力奇异性。     

气体自发光在高超声速流场显示中的应用

提出了利用高焓气体自发光作为高超声速流场显示的方法,介绍了在使用高焓运行的激波风洞中,对二维模型的高超声速绕流流场使用此种方法的初步结果,可观察到二维棱形柱的尾流和马赫波的相交。结果表明此种方法不需外加光源,对于结构限制无法设置透明部件的模型,无疑是简单可行的。     

基于马鞍形磁场的永磁直线电机位置解算方法

针对直线电机转子位置检测低成本和较高精度的要求,提出了一种基于马鞍形磁场来获得位置信息的方法及实现过程。分析了永磁体表面的磁场分布特征,指出了利用马鞍形磁场分布曲线来解算位置信息的优点,提出了根据马鞍形磁场推算位置信息的算法流程:先测得错开相位的2条马鞍形曲线数据,划分为4个象限后建立数据库;位置检测时,运用区间搜索算法寻得实际角度所在区间;再根据精度要求,采用合适的插值算法计算得到待解算的角度。仿真结果表明:基于马鞍形磁场的位置解算,能较好地得到直线电机转子的位置信息。     

基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术研究进展

近年来,采用里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术得到了迅速发展,获得了广泛应用。该电场探测技术是一项全新技术,可以将微波电场通过基本物理常数与频率测量直接关联,具有测量动态范围大、测量灵敏度高和测量不确定度小的特点,有望替代传统溯源路径,直接关联国际单位制（SI）。本文基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术原理,针对国内外微波电场的高准确度、高灵敏度和极化方向测量技术发展现状,和对微波电场测量的工程化光源系统,蒸气室探头的仿真验证实验和集成式蒸气室探头的设计研究等方面的相关进展做了详细介绍。     

带集中热源的散热器温度场的数值分析

随着大规模集成电路的发展,电子设备的封装体积越来越小,功率却越来越大,这就使电子设备的温度日益增高,而电子设备的可靠性又与温度密切相关,良好的散热是电子设备应用中重要的一环.本文以通用的矩形翅片式散热器来对比带集中热源和带平均热源的散热器的温度差异,提出以嵌入热管的方法来解决带集中热源散热器的散热难题,并运用IcEPEK软件对其可行性进行了验证.     

低压断路器灭弧室温度检测

设计了基于光纤光栅传感系统的低压断路器灭弧室温度检测装置,实验测量出灭弧室温度数据,进行了数据的有限元分析,绘制出灭弧室内温度场分布图.     

H型叶栅通道流计算网格的改进

提出一种壁面正交、尾迹区网格节点分布逐渐均匀化叶栅通道网格生成方法。为了研究壁面处网格正交性对数值计算结果的影响，推导出壁面附近流动参数一阶导数离散误差与网格线交角的数学关系。采用N-S方程分别对平板紊流附面层流和叶栅通道流进行计算分析。结果表明：壁面处网格正交性对附面层内流动计算预测精度影响较大，而对势流区流动影响很小；尾迹区切向网格节点逐渐均匀化分布能更准确计算尾迹区流动。