空间对接机构螺旋电缆设计

对一种用于空间对接机构的螺旋电缆设计进行了研究。介绍了电缆的材料选择、结构设计和生产制造工艺。给出了材料蠕变、伸缩性能和空间环境等试验结果,均符合设计要求,并成功地用于神舟八、九、十号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器的空间交会对接。应用情况表明:该电缆的结构紧凑,伸缩性能良好,满足低轨空间环境使用要求。     

Modeling and parameter identification of linear time-varying systems based on adaptive chirplet transform under random excitation

In this paper, a time–frequency algorithm based on adaptive chirplet transform for parameter modeling and identification of Linear Time-Varying (LTV) systems under random excitation is presented. It is assumed that the solution of responses of LTV structures is expressed as the sum of multicomponent Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals in a short-time. Then the measured acceleration response is used to perform the adaptive chirplet transform, in which an integral algorithm is employed to reconstruct the velocity and displacement responses. The vibration differential equation with time-varying coefficients is transformed into a simple linear equation. Furthermore, for systems under random excitation, the input–output relation based on correlation function is also derived to estimate the parameters including physicals parameters and instantaneous modal parameters. The full procedure of the method is presented and validated by using simulated responses. The results show that the presented method is accurate and robust for various LTV systems under random excitation.     

Frictional behavior during cold ring compression process of aluminum alloy 5052

The friction is the considerable boundary condition in bulk metal forming. In this paper, the ring compression test was used to evaluate the friction coefficient and factor in Coulomb friction model and Tresca friction model for the plastic deformation of aluminum alloy AA5052. The micro-macro analysis method combining surface morphology and micro-texture was used to explore the friction behaviors in AA5052 cold forming process. In general, the magnitude (μ or m) of friction changes before and after a deformation threshold during ring compression. The maximum change rate of the magnitude (μ or m) before and after the deformation threshold is close to 18.5% under the present experimental conditions, and the change rate decreases with increasing loading speed. The lubrication using MoS₂ is better than that using oil at lower speeds (0.15 mm/s, 1.5 mm/s), but the lubrications for MoS₂ and oil are similar at higher speeds (15 mm/s). The surface roughness, three-dimensional topography, and surface texture of compressed ring have a sudden change around the deformation threshold, which deviate from the previous evolution trend. The increased friction after deformation threshold also promotes the formation of sufficient shear strain layer in the subsurface plane of the compressed ring, and then it hinders the formation of the typical deformation textures with β-oriented line and promotes the appearance of shear textures such as $\left\{\text{001}\right\}〈\text{110}〉$, $\left\{\text{111}\right\}〈\mathit{uvw}〉$ and $\left\{\mathit{hkl}\right\}〈110〉$ textures.     

一种飞行器投放分离气动力辨识修正方法

空中投放发射的大翼面飞行器的分离轨迹与姿态受载机干扰流场影响更加明显,对分离时干扰气动数据库的准确性提出了更高要求。针对投放分离干扰气动力特点,提出了一种简化的差量气动力模型,并给出了一套飞行数据处理与参数预估计的方法。分离段飞行数据的辨识结果与六自由度飞行动力学仿真结果说明了提出的差量气动模型与相关数据处理方法的有效性。用辨识结果对气动数据库进行修正提高了数据库的准确度,可提高分离安全飞行仿真分析的精度。     

气浮支承式触针测量系统径向动态性能研究

触针表面形貌测量仪是生产科研中应用广泛的仪器,杠杆式触针由于其结构原因,在测量时会产生非线性误差,影响测量结果的精度。介绍了一种气浮触针式测量传感器,触针轴运动方向与位移测量方向一致,有效地避免了非线性误差;在研究中建立了气浮支承式触针测量系统的运动模型,分析了测量系统的动静态特性,研究了影响气浮支承径向动态性能的因素,进行了径向刚度和动态参数的理论仿真模拟,并通过动态特性试验测试和分析得到传感器最大扫描频率为125Hz;搭建了气浮触针式表面形貌测量系统并进行测量试验,得到传感器测量的相对误差为0.8%。     

热真空试验中的自校正PID控制策略

通过引入自校正PID控制策略解决热真空试验温度调节过程中存在的长滞后问题。首先,采用带遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法对未知模型的特征参数进行在线辨识;然后,进行自校正PID的控制律设计。仿真结果表明:该方法可以比较准确地辨识出模型特征参数;与传统的PID控制方法相比,具有响应速度较快、超调量较小等优点。     

模拟月面环境钻进过程热特性研究

根据实际月面采样任务需求,月壤钻取采样器须在真空条件下,实现无辅助冷却介质的连续钻进取心工作,这极易导致钻头温度快速升高,影响采样任务的可靠进行。因此,为深入研究钻进过程的热特性,通过分析钻头切削具与孔底月壤的切削和摩擦机理,建立钻头在钻进过程中的温升模型,归纳影响钻头温升的主要因素。根据月面真空条件下的月壤环境,制备真空度低于10 Pa、钻进深度不少于2 m的模拟月壤,并开展钻进过程热特性试验。试验结果表明钻头前端切削具的温升与钻压力存在很强的正相关性,与钻头扭矩相关性较弱。基于试验结果对温升模型中的相关性系数进行修正,拟合出钻头温升曲线,并与试验实测结果进行对比,实现了钻进过程热特性的定性分析。     

基于非参数边缘积分估计的局部特征描述子

为提高图像匹配性能提出了关于局部区域特征描述子的统计模型。该模型是一种基于梯度模值及方向分布的边缘积分函数模型。在离散梯度方向的边缘积分函数与梯度矢量场的模值累积方向直方图相同。采用基于核函数的非参数估计,估计了该函数,应用于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)描述子。为了提高描述子的旋转不变性、独特性,降低运算复杂度,将特征点周围的局部区域作为圆形,由径向采样网格划分为8个子区域。在每个子区域估计边缘积分函数,特征向量由每个小块8个方向的函数值组成。实验表明,该描述子能够提高旋转变换的检测率(查全率),降低运算复杂度。      

最大相关熵准则自适应滤波器的分数阶长算法

对自适应滤波器最佳阶长的准确估计可以有效平衡自适应算法的稳态性能与计算复杂度,而基于最小均方差(MMSE)准则的变阶长最小均方(LMS)算法在非高斯噪声环境下的收敛性能变差。针对这一问题,提出一种最大相关熵准则(MCC)自适应滤波器的分数阶长(FT)算法——FT-MCC算法。该算法从MCC自适应滤波器最佳阶长的定义出发,利用不同阶长滤波器产生的相关熵之差实现阶长更新。理论分析和实验表明:相比现有变阶长最小均方算法,FT-MCC算法在非高斯噪声环境中具有较强的鲁棒性;通过恰当的参数选择,算法可较好地实现对最佳阶长的跟踪和估计。      

航空发动机可拆卸盘鼓型转子拉杆螺栓装配紧度辨识方法

针对沿轮盘周向分布的拉杆螺栓装配紧度是影响航空发动机可拆卸盘鼓型转子振动特性的一个重要因素,提出了一种拉杆螺栓装配紧度辨识方法.通过对可拆卸盘鼓型转子进行激振测试,提取提升小波包分解重构信号的相对能量特征,然后定义拉杆螺栓装配紧度熵将相对能量特征映射到拉杆螺栓装配紧度辨识空间.实验研究了拉杆螺栓由松到紧的3种状态,结果表明装配紧度熵具有单调一致性递减规律.实验测试了外场服役的某型航空发动机可拆卸盘鼓型转子拉杆螺栓的装配紧度状态,结果表明拉杆螺栓装配紧度发生退化,拉杆螺栓处于松动状态.