基于QPSO粒子滤波的航空发动机突变故障诊断

针对标准粒子滤波算法对突变故障诊断迟缓的问题,提出了量子行为粒子群优化(Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization,QPSO)的粒子滤波算法。该算法引入权值偏差系数的概念,当权值偏差系数超出设置的阈值时,认为系统发生故障,并结合最新的观测值,将量子行为粒子群优化算法融入到粒子的采样过程中,驱使粒子向高似然区域移动,提高粒子群对突变故障的估计性能。仿真结果表明,与标准粒子滤波算法相比,量子行为粒子群优化的粒子滤波算法显著提高了对突变故障的反应速度。     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.     

Study of long path VLF signal propagation characteristics as observed from Indian Antarctic station,Maitri

To examine the quality and propagation characteristics of the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves in a very long propagation path, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, participated in the 27th Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica during 2007–2008. One Stanford University made AWESOME VLF receiving system was installed at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri and about five weeks of data were recorded successfully from the Indian transmitter VTX and several other transmitting stations worldwide. The quality of the signal from the VTX transmitter was found to be very good, consistent and highly stable in day and night. The signal shows the evidences of the presence of the 24 h solar radiation in the Antarctic region during local summer. Here we report the both narrow band and broadband VLF observations from this site. The diurnal variations of VTX signal (18.2 kHz) are presented systematically for Antarctica path and also compared the same with the variations for a short propagation path (VTX-Kolkata). We compute the spatial distribution of the VTX signal along the VTX-Antarctica path using the most well-known LWPC model for an all-day and all-night propagation conditions. The calculated signal amplitudes corresponding to those conditions relatively corroborate the observations. We also present the attenuation rate of the dominant waveguide modes corresponding to those propagation conditions where the effects of the Antarctic polar ice on the attenuation of different propagating waveguide modes are visible.     

应用改进果蝇优化算法的月面巡视器路径规划

文章针对果蝇优化算法易陷入局部最优的问题,对果蝇算法中的味道浓度判定值进行改进,并将其用于月球探测巡视器的动态路径规划。为验证算法的有效性,将改进果蝇优化算法与粒子群优化算法的路径规划寻优特性进行了仿真对比分析,结果表明改进果蝇优化算法具有良好的实时性,并有效解决了算法易陷入局部最优的问题。考虑到月球探测巡视器在沿规划路径进行月面巡视的过程中,有可能遇到未知障碍物的情况,提出了动态环境下月球巡视器遇到未知静态障碍物的避障策略。     

基于状态转移图的启发式深空探测器任务规划方法

针对深空探测器复杂系统并行及约束耦合等特点,在时间线描述框架的基础上,引入了状态转移图结构。通过分析探测器任务规划中的耦合约束关系,设计了转移图代价计算方法,并提出了基于状态转移图的启发式任务规划算法。利用转移图设计启发式对无关节点进行剪枝,削减了搜索空间,加速了搜索过程。数值仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效减少不必要的规划步数,提高任务规划的效率。     

自识别自校准Kalman滤波方法

在导航滤波、故障诊断等许多工程领域中,受环境因素影响、模型和参数的选取不当等原因,系统状态方程中往往含有未知输入(系统误差),传统的Kalman滤波方法无法消除这种未知输入的影响,导致产生较大的滤波误差。为此,提出一种自识别自校准Kalman滤波方法,并分别对线性系统和非线性系统进行了详细讨论,给出了相应的公式和滤波步骤。该方法能够自动识别状态方程中有无未知输入,当有未知输入时,则能自动估计未知输入,并对它进行补偿和修正。大量实例计算和仿真模拟表明,与传统方法相比,本文方法能够有效提高状态估计精度,且计算简单,便于工程应用。     

霍尔推力器羽流对S波段电磁波的衰减研究

霍尔推力器羽流对S波段电磁波信号有衰减作用,这对星上推力器与天线的布置策略有重要影响。为研究S波段电磁波的衰减程度,建立几何光路算法,对电磁波在等离子体羽流媒质中的传输衰减进行数值描述,并以试验所测的信噪比数据来验证算法精度。验证试验采用空间透射波法,在相同工况的试验与计算结果对比中,最大计算误差为26.1%,平均误差为7.3%;在趋势上,试验结果与计算结果保持一致。在此基础上,针对84个在轨典型工况进行S波段电磁波信噪比衰减计算,结果显示：羽流对电磁波的吸收作用是影响衰减的主要因素,衰减最大区域出现在天线位置0.3～0.6m、方向角15°～30°的区域,衰减值在-7~-4dB之间。该结果可为霍尔推力器与天线在卫星的布置提供参考依据。     

卫星姿态控制系统执行器微小故障检测方法

针对卫星姿态控制系统执行器微小故障检测问题,提出一种基于神经网络干扰观测器的微小故障检测方法。该方法利用卫星姿态控制系统内的冗余关系,分别构建陀螺干扰观测器和干扰力矩观测器,对系统内的测量误差、扰动等进行估计,并对故障检测观测器进行扰动补偿,提高对执行器微小故障的检测能力。仿真结果表明,与基于解析模型的方法相比,该方法能够较精确地对解析模型的误差进行补偿,明显降低了检测阈值,实现了对扰动掩盖下的微小执行器故障检测。      

舱外活动中航天员利用扶手移动的路径规划

航天员在舱外活动中,常常需要从一个工作点向另一个工作点移动.提出了一种用于搜寻两个工作点间最短通路的路径规划的方法.该方法利用人工智能中的启发式搜索A^*算法,在用栅格法对三维工作环境进行离散化的基础上,采用路径最短原则,完成了航天员在舱外活动中依靠扶手移动的路径规划.对一个例子进行了研究,并对结果进行了分析.规划的路径可为航天员舱外活动扶手的安装位置提供参考依据,以减少航天员舱外作业的工作时间、降低能量消耗以及提高航天员舱外作业的工作效率.     

基于四轴数控机床面齿轮磨削方法

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮,提高刀具的通用性并简化机床结构,提出一种基于四轴数控机床和盘形砂轮多线包络磨削面齿轮的加工方法。设计顶刃带有圆弧的盘形砂轮对插齿刀齿面进行仿形。建立盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数学模型,规划盘形砂轮的刀位轨迹。通过数值模拟方法探究刀具的顶刃圆弧半径和转矩角对齿面包络残差的影响规律。结合选用的四轴数控机床结构,推导盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数控运动规律,并在VERICUT软件中进行仿真加工。将仿真模型与理论齿面进行对比分析,得到齿面偏差的最大值为-4.3~4.7 μm,结果验证了所提出加工方法的正确性,也证明了根据齿面包络残差的影响规律选用合适的刀具加工参数,可以保证面齿轮齿面精度的同时提高加工效率。