复合材料疲劳定寿方法研究

本文回顾了复合材料疲劳可靠性的发展历程,重点报告了复合材料疲劳可靠性最新厂家成果;复合材料疲劳损伤形成与损伤扩展的两阶段论,这一理论更新了传统采用的单一疲劳损伤全过程。     

断裂韧性K1C和断裂门槛值 Δ Kth可靠性测定方法

采用定量方程随机化方法,建立了断裂p-J_R-Δa曲线方程,断裂p-J_R-Δa曲线与钝化线的交点即为试验测定具有可靠度p的J积分临界值(J_1C)_p值,根据断裂力学测试原理,由试验测定(J_1C)_p值可转化出断裂韧性(K_1C)_p值;还建立了断裂门槛ΔK_th值的可靠性测定方法,并对试验数据进行了统计分析处理,得到了一些具有重要应用价值的结果和数据.研究发现:断裂门槛值ΔK_th服从正态分布.     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite materials

In order to analyze the stress and strain fields in the fibers and the matrix in composite materials,a fiber-scale unit cell model is established and the corresponding periodical boundary conditions are introduced.Assuming matrix cracking as the failure mode of composite materials,an energy-based fatigue damage parameter and a multiaxial fatigue life prediction method are established.This method only needs the material properties of the fibers and the matrix to be known.After the relationship between the fatigue damage parameter and the fatigue life under any arbitrary test condition is established,the multiaxial fatigue life under any other load condition can be predicted.The proposed method has been verified using two different kinds of load forms.One is unidirectional laminates subjected to cyclic off-axis loading,and the other is filament wound composites subjected to cyclic tension-torsion loading.The fatigue lives predicted using the proposed model are in good agreements with the experimental results for both kinds of load forms.     

粉末高温合金FGH96的高温缺口疲劳研究

在500℃和600℃两个温度条件下,研究了第二代粉末高温合金FGH96的缺口疲劳性能,将原始数据的曲线拟合成S-N曲线,分析光滑与缺口试样的Kf的差别,用扫描电镜分析了试样的断口形貌特征。结果表明:FGH96合金的疲劳缺口敏感性随着温度的升高和应力比的增大而降低;与光滑试样的断口相比,合金的缺口试样在高温下疲劳裂纹多由加工刀痕起源,因此缩短了其疲劳萌生寿命;疲劳扩展区疲劳条带比较明显,扩展区面积比光滑试样小。     

某型发动机涡轮转子温度和应力测试研究

为确保某型发动机的安全使用,通过对该发动机涡轮转子的温度和动应力进行实测,据此对涡轮转子叶片和盘进行强度和寿命计算。对涡轮转子的叶片和盘进行强度初步计算,确定应力最大点,在发动机实际工作状态下,得到测试部位的实际温度和动应力;利用测试结果,计算确定涡轮转子叶片和盘的疲劳寿命。该研究首次得到了涡轮转子叶片和盘的温度和动应力数据。计算结果表明:涡轮转子叶片的寿命不低于2000 h,涡轮盘的寿命不低于5000 h。     

不同热处理合金钢JR阻力曲线的测定与分析

本文介绍JR阻力曲线的测定办法,并对不同热处理合金钢进行了实测。应用所得JR阻力曲线对合金钢的断裂韧度的评定表明了热处理工艺的影响。     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

DFR法在结构疲劳优化设计中的应用

 提出了基于有限元分析的细节疲劳额定值(DFR)疲劳可靠性分析方法,将有限元分析与疲劳分析进行关联,编写基于有限元分析的DFR法分析软件(FEM-DFR),对试验件进行疲劳寿命分析,与试验对比吻合较好,验证了方法的准确性。在此基础上,针对疲劳优化周期长和效率低的问题,开发了集成Patran/Nastran、FEM-DFR和iSIGHT的疲劳优化平台,在此平台上完成了某型飞机作动筒支座细节的优化,该平台数据传输流畅、操作效率高、优化质量好,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

冷却流道布局对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

为了研究不同的冷却流道布局对大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构响应和低周疲劳寿命的影响, 采用有限体积流—热耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热—结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法对比分析了冷却剂单向逆流、单向顺流和先顺向流动再逆向流动的来回流三种流道布局方案。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管内衬最严重的节点应变主要发生在喷管前部内衬燃气侧壁面与肋条对称面及槽道对称面相交的危险区域,这也是节点低周疲劳寿命最小的位置;铣槽内衬节点的应变时间历程主要由塑性应变决定,肋条与槽道对称面上内衬节点的热结构响应存在较大差异;采用冷却剂单向逆流布局的铣槽喷管内衬节点应变幅和残余应变最大,导致喷管疲劳使用寿命最短;采用冷却剂单向顺流布局的铣槽喷管内衬节点应变幅和残余应变最小,导致喷管低周疲劳寿命最长;采用冷却剂来回流布局的再生冷却喷管铣槽内衬的热结构响应和疲劳使用寿命均处于上述两者之间,但取消了喷管尾部集合器和外置冷却剂供给管路等易失效的部件。      

不同应力水平下5A06 铝合金的疲劳断口研究

通过采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了5A06铝合金高周疲劳断口的微观特征。研究结果表明:该合金在疲劳极限附近发生疲劳断裂时,裂纹主要萌生于杂质粒子与基体的界面结合处,较高应力水平下疲劳裂纹的萌生呈现多源性,并且裂纹主要起源于杂质粒子自身的开裂。随着应力水平的提高,裂纹的偏转路径更加复杂,疲劳辉纹间距不断增大,断口中疲劳裂纹扩展区所占比例减少。疲劳裂纹扩展的初期,疲劳微裂纹的偏转主要取决于相邻晶粒间有利滑移面的方向。