新型铝锂合金AA2198高频疲劳红外热耗散演化规律

利用红外成像技术开展新型铝锂合金AA2198高频疲劳（100 Hz）热耗散演化规律研究,发现不同应力条件下疲劳热耗散呈现上下波动特征,试件平均温度随着加载应力的提升有增加的趋势,但升温现象并不明显,不同应力条件下温度变化幅值小于1℃。疲劳试验初期和疲劳断裂时伴随着急剧升温过程,提出的能量转化理论模型合理解释了疲劳热耗散演化过程。研究还发现,喷丸强化在试件表面形成的残余压应力有助于激发疲劳裂纹的闭合效应,对试件的升温过程具有抑制作用。     

Simplification approaches for multi-level load spectra by using equivalent damage rule

Reasonable and effective fatigue load spectrum is key of aircraft structural fatigue test. Two kinds of load spectra simplification approaches based on statistical consistent fatigue damage model are proposed in the paper. One method is to simplify the original multi-level load spectra to spectral load with fewer level and was verified by the experimental data of five levels and seven levels load spectra. The equivalent damage here is not equivalent fatigue life, but equivalent number of spectral blocks. Moreover, it was proved that a section of low stress load cannot be converted into the highest stress load considering equivalent damage. The other is to convert the life distribution under multi-level load spectra into that of constant amplitude spectrum according to a certain principle, that is, equivalent damage is achieved through equivalent fatigue life, and two groups of three levels spectral data were used for experimental verification. The results show that equivalent damage simplification approach of multi-level load spectra is feasible, and it achieve that the damage of one loading block before and after the simplification is equal in probability statistics. The life distribution of load simplified as constant amplitude spectrum is consistent with test data. The simplification method presented in this paper can be generalized and is a predictive engineering method which does not depend on experimental data.     

Stress-controlled LCF experiments and ratcheting behaviour simulation of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation

Uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 with [001] orientation are investigated through the stress-controlled LCF tests with stress ratio of −1. Then the deformation behaviour during the whole-lifetime from the beginning of the experiment to the fracture of the specimen, as well as the fractographic/metallographic morphology, are compared with the strain-controlled LCF experimental results. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, it is shown that the failure characteristics under stress-controlled LCF loading are similar with those under strain-controlled loading. Nevertheless, unlike strain-controlled LCF loading, even under fully reversed cycle loading for stress-controlled LCF, DD6 shows significant ratcheting behaviour due to the tension-compression asymmetry. In addition, the LCF lifetimes under stress control are significantly shorter than the LCF lifetimes under strain control, and the culprit might be the detrimental effect of ratcheting strain on LCF lifetime. Based on these phenomena, an improved crystal plasticity constitutive model on the basis of slip-based Walker constitutive model is developed through modifying the kinematic hardening rule in order to overcome the inaccurate prediction of decelerating stage and stable stage of ratcheting behaviour. Furthermore, combining the continuum damage mechanics, a damage-coupled crystal plasticity constitutive model is proposed to reflect the damage behaviour of DD6 and the accelerating stage of ratcheting behaviour. The simulation results for the stress-controlled LCF deformation behaviour including the whole-lifetime ratcheting behaviour show good agreement with the experimental data.     

Wave perturbations in the MLT at high northern latitudes in winter,observed by two SATI instruments

To investigate the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region, several ground-based instruments called SATI (Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager) were designed and built to measure airglow emission and temperature in the upper mesosphere. One SATI instrument was installed at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 94.9°W) and has monitored the polar MLT region since November, 2001. In October 2007 another SATI instrument was installed at Eureka (80.0°N, 86.3°W) at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) as part of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) project. SATI is a spatial scanning Fabry–Perot spectrometer measuring column emission rates for several rotational lines of OH and O₂ airglow at 87 and 94 km height. The rotational temperatures are inferred from the ratios of these lines. The measurements are divided into 12 sectors with an annular field of view. The phase differences between the sectors yield information on the horizontal atmospheric wave direction and wavelength. Horizontal perturbations of 2–8 h period have correlatively been observed and investigated at both locations. Short-periodic oscillations identified as gravity waves with periods between 2 and 8 h propagate in southward and eastward directions, but in opposite directions in some cases. The wave propagation characteristics are often different at the two locations; the relationship with the lower mean wind is considered.     

比例加载下应力幅比对2A12-T4疲劳寿命的影响

采用2A12-T4铝合金漏斗形试件,针对不同拉扭应力幅比,进行了比例加载下多轴高周疲劳寿命试验,研究了不同应力幅比对多轴高周疲劳寿命的影响.针对试验结果,采用3种常用的多轴高周疲劳寿命预测模型,包括等效应力准则、应力不变量准则、临界面准则进行了预测.结果表明:在相同的Von-Mises等效应力下,随着扭转应力幅与拉压应力幅比值的增大,疲劳寿命逐渐升高.等效应力准则的预测结果或过于危险,或过于安全;应力不变量准则的预测结果认为应力幅比的变化对疲劳失效没有影响,与试验结果不符;临界面准则的预测结果优于其他准则.     

桨叶结构裂纹损伤检测和剩余寿命评估方法

研究了一种基于力残差向量的桨叶结构损伤检测和剩余寿命评估方法,从桨叶有限元模型出发构造了一种节点力残差向量,分析力残差向量可确定损伤位置和损伤程度。引入裂纹单元模型将损伤的大小量化为等效裂纹长度,桨叶结构损伤用等效裂纹大小表示。从腐蚀疲劳断裂理论出发,建立了损伤扩展模型,得到了桨叶结构剩余寿命估计曲线。最后,通过实例验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

腐蚀条件下民机结构疲劳寿命评定方法研究

提出了考虑腐蚀环境影响的民机结构疲劳寿命评定方法.根据腐蚀条件下民机结构使用特点,将其使用过程简化为独立的地面停放与空中环境预腐蚀和空中腐蚀疲劳过程,综合考虑上述影响因素,建立腐蚀影响系数曲线,采用疲劳损伤当量折算方法,对一般环境下的疲劳寿命结论进行修正,可以有效地进行腐蚀条件下民机结构疲劳寿命评定.     

机械冲击载荷下固体推进剂热点微观模型探讨

分析了推进剂内部初始裂纹在机械冲击载荷作用下的扩展以及与反应气体产物相互作用。利用Ⅰ、Ⅱ型裂纹扩展、推进剂分解化学动力学模型,建立微观热点模型,研究了裂纹面摩擦、推进剂分解以及裂纹内部气相反应等微观过程。进行数值模拟计算,得出了推进剂产生高温热点或导致冲击点燃的外部条件。认为裂纹间摩擦和气相产物在高速冲击下压缩可导致推进荆热点产生。