An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode

We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model.     

Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.     

航空发动机全飞行包线稳态划分方法研究

航空发动机在鲁棒控制器设计过程中存在飞行包线区域难以系统划分的问题,为此,提出基于推力耗油率特性和基于动压耗油率特性的航空发动机飞行包线划分法。根据某型涡扇发动机在全包线范围内稳态工作时的推力、耗油率及动压特性,结合大气条件的客观规律,通过两种划分方法将飞行包线划分为65 个区域,用每个区域对应标称点的参数代替其周围小偏差区域和边界点参数。通过对该发动机全包线内各区域标称点与边界点参数的对比,证明两种方法均对全飞行包线划分有效,可为后续航空发动机控制器设计提供理论基础。     

三维五向编织复合材料的冲击压缩特性及破坏机制

利用分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验系统和高速摄像技术对三维五向碳/环氧编织复合材料的动态压缩特性进行研究。通过对编织角为22.3°的试样分别进行沿纵向和横向方向的冲击压缩实验,得到材料在200~1200 s^-1应变率范围内的应力应变曲线,并结合高速摄像记录的动态压缩过程,对不同应变率下材料在高速变形下的渐进破坏规律进行分析。同时,综合试样的宏观破坏特征和微观断口形貌特征,进一步分析材料的破坏模式及破坏机理。结果表明:随着应变率的增加,材料在纵向和横向均具有一定的应变率强化效应,在横向方向的应变率强化效应更为显著;不同加载方向下材料的渐进破坏过程、应力应变曲线特征以及破坏方式均具有明显差异,且随着应变率的增加而发生改变。     

反向式蒸发器芯层内蒸汽阻力的分析计算

对毛细抽吸两相流体环路（ＣＰＬ）系统在正常稳态运行时的状态进行分析,知反向式蒸发器在此情况下主要以芯层表面蒸发的方式传热。在此基础上,提出等厚膜层计算方法,且利用此模型对蒸汽在膜层内的流动阻力进行计算,知此阻力大小对一般ＣＰＬ回路来说,是应该予以考虑的。并从计算中知道,蒸发器芯层渗透率的大小对此流动阻力的影响甚大。     

直接反转完全可逆式组合叶栅的实验研究

针对矿井、隧道等行业对风机反风性能的要求,提出了一种动叶直接反转完全可逆式组合叶栅设计的新方案。该方案具有结构简单、正反向性能完全相同、便于采用现有成熟叶型等特点。通过平面叶栅试验确定了重叠度、栅距比等组合叶栅最佳组合参数,此外,试验结果表明在相同雷诺数下,组合叶栅的正反向最大升力系数C_(L max)和失速攻角α_(L max)较现有双对称叶型均有大幅度提高,显示出较好的应用前景。     

钝尾物体底部压力计算

 提出了一种简便可靠的计算钝尾物体表面压力分布及底部压力的方法。将钝尾物体绕流流场分为无粘区、边界层区和分离区。无粘区和边界层区分别用位流理论和边界层理论计算。分离区由根据尾流函数等建立的替代模型模拟。利用奇点法解出整个模型的压力分布。计算釆用迭代法进行。对Vanwagenen模型和鲁尔大学模型进行了计算,结果表明该方法是成功的。     

无头铆钉成型过程的有限元仿真与试验分析

采用ABAQUS建立有限元分析模型,分析了66°锥形铆模压铆无头铆钉的成型过程。对成型后的试片进行了力学及金相分析,并将结果与普通半圆头铆钉进行对比。研究结果表明,无头铆钉的压铆变形过程为钉杆中间最早涨粗,墩头部分成型,随后钉杆部分逐步与孔壁均匀挤压的过程;随着压铆位移的增加,无头铆钉拉脱强度及剪切强度均呈上升趋势;与传统平铆模成型的半圆头铆钉相比,在锥形铆模的作用下,金属材料向钉杆流动更加均匀,墩头两侧的绝热剪切效应明显弱化。     

成型压力对EPDM绝热层性能影响研究

为了减少复合材料壳体成型缺陷并优化壳体缠绕工艺,本文采用显微镜观察了较低硫化成型压力下EPDM绝热层内部致密性的变化情况,研究了硫化成型压力对EPDM绝热层本体性能和界面粘接性能的影响规律。结果表明,当成型压力小于0.15 MPa时,硫化后绝热层的内部不致密,存在较多孔隙,表现为密度、力学性能和烧蚀性能均较低;随着硫化成型压力增加,孔隙率逐渐减少直至消失,本体性能和界面粘接性能亦达到一个较高的稳定值,满足使用要求。     

中国月球探测器的成就与展望

全面而简要地回顾了国内外月球探测的发展历程,介绍了中国月球探测器的工程研制和飞行任务实施情况,总结了中国月球探测器取得的技术成就和科学成果,展望了中国月球探测器的未来发展。