A novel model-based multivariable framework for aircraft gas turbine engine limit protection control

Control technologies are innovated to satisfy increasingly complicated control demands of gas turbine engines. In terms of limit protection control, a novel model-based multivariable limit protection control method, which is achieved by adaptive command reconstruction and multiple-control loop selection and switch logic, is proposed in this paper to address the problem of balancing smaller thrust loss and safe operations by comparing with widely-used Min-Max logic. Five different combination modes of control loops, which represent the online control loop of last time instant and that of current time instant, is analyzed. Different command reconstructions are designed for these modes, which is based on static gain conversion of amplitude beyond limits by using an onboard model. The double-prediction based control loop selection and switch logic is developed to choose a control loop appropriately by comparing converted amplitude beyond limits regardless of one or more parameters tending to exceed limits. The proposed method is implemented in a twin-spool turbofan engine to achieve limit protection with direct thrust control, and the loss of thrust is improved by about 30% in comparison with the loss of thrust caused by Min-Max logic when limit protection control is activated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

舱门对起落架流场和气动噪声的影响研究

前起落架一般具有异于主起落架的双侧对称舱门,民用飞机进场降落时打开的前起落架舱门必然对起落架流场和噪声产生干扰阻挡和反射作用。为了研究前起落架舱门对起落架流场和噪声的干扰阻挡效应,采用两轮起落架标模对改善的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法和福克斯·威廉姆斯—霍金斯（FW-H）方程进行数值方法验证;在数值计算方法准确可靠的基础上,对某民用飞机高保真前起落架有舱门和无舱门的两种模型的流场特征和远场辐射噪声特性进行对比计算分析,分析舱门附近流动演化过程及舱门对远场辐射噪声的影响。结果表明：由于舱门迎风端面非平直面,稍向内侧弯曲与来流具有一定夹角,导致在其前端引起当地流动分离,进而扩散到整个舱门之间的区域;两侧舱门阻挡干扰气流向展向扩散并撞击舱体侧面边缘的趋势,遮挡反射舱体前缘剪切流失稳撞击起落架产生的压力波,减弱了起落架的侧边噪声并形成声波干涉现象。     

基于ARVM模型的液体火箭发动机试验台故障预测方法

针对液体火箭发动机试验台故障子样少,故障预测精度低,故障维修保障困难等问题,在分析标准RVM优缺点的基础之上,提出了一种自适应能力较强的故障预测模型——ARVM(Adaptive Relevance Vector Machine)。为测试该模型,以某型轨控发动机高空模拟试验台管路流量、燃烧室压力为输入参量对推力矢量进行了预测,预测结果表明,ARVM方法能够有效跟踪推力矢量参数的变化趋势,并且获得了较高的预测精度和模型稀疏性。该方法对于复杂系统的故障预测和维修保障具有一定的理论价值和工程应用意义。     

空间行波管阴极寿命试验研究

空间行波管是卫星通信系统中最重要的功率放大器,必须具有较长的工作寿命。空间行波管的寿命主要受阴极寿命的制约,因此为了保证空间行波管的长期在轨工作,需要开展大量的阴极寿命试验研究,并对阴极寿命进行预测。共投入50支电子枪进行寿命试验,累计进行寿命试验1823080h,最长单管寿命试验时间65411h。基于寿命过程中的逸出功变化,建立了空间行波管阴极寿命预测模型。预测空间行波管阴极在960℃_b（℃_b为亮度温度）支取1A/cm²发射电流密度时寿命超过43年;在980℃_b支取1A/cm²时寿命超过22年;在1000℃_b支取1A/cm²时寿命超过15年。预测结果表明,空间行波管阴极可以满足卫星通信系统应用的长寿命要求。     

基于稀疏核增量超限学习机的机载设备在线状态预测

为实现对机载设备工作状态的在线状态预测,提出了一种稀疏核增量超限学习机(ELM)算法。针对核在线学习中核矩阵膨胀问题,基于瞬时信息测量提出了一个融合构造与修剪策略的两步稀疏化方法。通过在构造阶段最小化字典冗余,在修剪阶段最大化字典元素的瞬时条件自信息量,选择一个具有固定记忆规模的稀疏字典。针对基于核的增量超限学习机核权重更新问题,提出改进的减样学习算法,其可以实现字典中任一个核函数删除后剩余核函数Gram矩阵的逆矩阵的前向递推更新。通过对某型飞机发动机的状态预测,在预测数据长度等于20的条件下,本文提出的算法将预测的整体平均误差率下降到2.18%,相比于3种流形的核超限学习机在线算法,预测精度分别提升了0.72%、0.14%和0.13%。     

基于深度长短期记忆网络的发动机叶片剩余寿命预测

为了研究航空发动机转子叶片的剩余寿命预测问题,提出了一种基于多传感器信号融合的深度长短期记忆网络(DLSTM)预测模型。首先利用深度学习和长短期记忆的组合来构造DLSTM网络。然后,将多个传感器信号数据进行融合处理,从而通过深度学习发现各个传感器时序信号之间隐藏的长期依赖关系。进一步在给定网格搜索策略的情况下,通过自适应矩估计算法调整DLSTM的网络结构和参数,并且在DLSTM模型中引入了一种随机丢失策略,以缓解过度拟合问题并使预测模型规范化。最后利用CMAPSS涡扇发动机进行了实验验证,在一种故障模式和两种故障模式条件下,DLSTM网络预测模型相对于其他传统方法的评价指标Score分别下降了17.19%和14.37%,其他两个评价指标相对来说也较优,结果表明本文提出的方法具有更高的准确性以及稳定性。     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

超声速空腔流动波系演化及噪声控制研究进展

空腔结构在先进飞行器和动力装置中应用十分广泛,如飞机内埋武器舱、起落架舱、导弹光学头罩、超燃冲压发动机燃烧室、推力矢量发动机喷口等。这些空腔结构在实际应用中普遍面临严峻的气动噪声问题。研究表明,空腔噪声的产生与腔内非定常流动和复杂波系结构关系密切。对超声速空腔流致噪声已开展的研究进行综述,从而为系统地认识波系结构的演化规律、噪声产生机理和噪声控制机理提供参考。首先,介绍了闭式、过渡式和开式3种不同类型超声速空腔流动的主要特点,针对气动噪声最为严重的开式空腔流动,分析了7种典型波系结构形成、传播和相互作用等规律。然后,从空腔压力振荡反馈回路的4个关键环节出发,分析了当前广泛应用的3种压力反馈模型的异同。最后,总结梳理了超声速空腔噪声控制的5条路径,指出在第5条控制路径"干扰反馈激波的传播"研究方面存在的不足。并指出了当前研究存在的部分问题,就未来研究方向提出了建议。