液氧/甲烷发动机推力室肋强化换热技术数值研究

为了提高液氧/甲烷发动机再生冷却通道中冷却剂的吸热效率,同时提高该区域的热防护能力,对带有4种不同肋结构的推力室进行了三维稳态耦合传热计算.分析结果表明,在推力室燃气侧壁面设置纵向肋之后,通过引入等效平均热流密度能够描述带肋发动机推力室壁面的实际换热特征.设置人工粗糙度能够使壁面温度降低85.4 K,但会使压降增大0....     

增强型双喉道射流推力矢量喷管的流动特性试验

对一种增强型双喉道射流推力矢量喷管开展了内部流动特性的试验研究,获得了其在不同次流压比状态下的内流结构和沿程静压分布.试验结果显示:在基准双喉道矢量喷管尾部附加扩张段后,能够以2.8%的次流消耗率获得超过20°的平均气流偏角,这表明通过附加扩张段来增加喷管矢量角的设计概念是可行的.在凹腔内,增强型双喉道射流推力矢量喷管的静压分布规律与基准双喉道矢量喷管一致,但在附加的扩张段内,下壁面的压强要明显高于上壁面,这正是其推力矢量角得到显著增大的原因.随着次流压比的增加,喷管获得的推力矢量角单调增加,但是喷管附加扩张段的矢量增强效果基本维持不变.      

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

相变材料微胶囊表面吸附纳米颗粒对传热过程的影响

通过对相变材料微胶囊、纳米颗粒和基液之间传热过程的仿真计算,分析了纳米颗粒的数目、粒径和热导率对微胶囊与流体之间传热Nu的影响.进而采用数值方法研究了吸附纳米颗粒后,微胶囊-流体传热系数的提高对相变过程的影响,研究结果为纳米颗粒的强化传热机制提供了部分理论依据.      

布里渊增强四波混频实现激光告警干扰原理

针对现有的激光告警和干扰方法的缺点,提出了利用布里渊增强四波混频法实现对激光制导武器一体化告警和干扰的方法。分析了该方法的优点,定量计算了干扰激光的强度。     

几何对称横向射流入射对尾喷流红外辐射特征抑制的数值研究

降低高温核心区长度是减小尾喷流红外辐射的有效途径。针对某轴对称收敛喷管,研究1种横向射流主动强化尾喷流掺混与红外抑制技术,采用横向射流技术强化外流与热喷流的掺混,通过数值模拟方法研究了2股横向射流喷射频率与流量变化对强化尾喷流掺混与红外抑制特性的影响规律。结果表明:在与横向射流流动方向垂直的探测面上尾喷流辐射强度衰降明显,探测角度为90°时红外辐射强度衰降可达48%。随着2股射流流量差的减小,强化掺混与红外抑制效果逐渐增强。     

Study of TEC changes during geomagnetic storms occurred near the crest of the equatorial ionospheric ionization anomaly in the Indian sector

GPS satellites data obtained at Bhopal (23.16° N, 77.36° E, geomagnetic latitude 14.23° N) India were analyzed to study the TEC changes during several geomagnetic storms (−300 nT < Dst < −50 nT) occurred in 2005–2007. We had segregated the storms according to the Dst value, i.e. moderate storms (−100 nT < Dst ? −50 nT), strong storms (−150 nT < Dst < −100 nT), and severe storms (Dst less than −150 nT). Total of 21 geomagnetic storms (10 moderate, 9 strong, 2 severe) are considered for the present study. Deviation in vertical total electron content (VTEC) during the main phase of the storm was found to be associated with the prompt penetration of electric field originated due to the under-shielding and over-shielding conditions for almost all geomagnetic storms discussed in this paper. For most of the storms VTEC shows the positive percentage deviation during the main phase while it shows positive as well as the negative deviation during the recovery phase of the storms. The −80% deviation in VTEC was found for geomagnetic storm occurred on July 17, 2005 and the negative trend continued for recovery phase of the storm. This was mainly due to the thermospheric composition changes by Joule heating effect at auroral latitudes that generate electric field disturbance at low latitudes. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were responsible for the formation of wave like nature in VTEC for the storms occurred on May 15, 2005, whereas it was not observed for storm occurred on August 24, 2005.     

增强立尾效益的主动流动控制

本文叙述和讨论了某些增强立尾效益的主动流动控制（AFC）技术的研究。在NASA ERA项目支持下Rensselaer学院完成了4%和5%缩比立尾模型的合成射流AFC风洞试验,加州理工学院完成了14%缩比立尾模型的振荡射流AFC风洞试验,后者表明当动量系数为1.7%时可获50%的侧向力增量。基于将上述两种AFC技术集成于飞机系统的可行性研究,Boeing在Ames NFAC（40 ft×80 ft风洞）完成了B-757全尺寸立尾风洞模型试验,在风速为100 knots,方向舵偏角为30°和侧滑角为0°与-7.5°下,得出采用31个振荡射流激振器可获得20%侧向力增量。NASA ERA项目组与Boeing共同努力在2015年春实现了装有31个振荡射流激振器的B-757 ecoDemonstrator飞行试验。飞行员反馈和13%~16%侧向力增量的飞行试验初步分析结果表明了振荡射流AFC技术的成功。     

矩形通道内扰流柱形状对流动和换热特性影响的研究

利用试验和数值模拟两种方法对装有圆形、椭圆形和水滴形三种叉排扰流柱阵列矩形通道内流动和换热过程进行了研究,获得了通道内流场、压力场以及壁面温度场的基本特征,并对其强化换热特性和压力损失特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:装有水滴形扰流柱阵列的矩形通道压力损失分别为前两者的51%和95%,而恒热流壁面的平均对流换热系数相对于前两者而言分别降低了20%和7.9%,压力损失降低的幅度明显高于强化换热的减弱。综合性能评估表明,水滴形扰流柱是一种具有较好综合性能、替代常规圆形扰流柱的理想结构。     

增强能量增量法求解无轴承开关磁阻电机电感

有别于磁链法和需要求解二阶偏导数的能量增量法,本文采用一种称作增强能量增量法计算非线性系统的磁链、静态电感(割线电感)和动态电感(差分电感).该法首先给定各回路的工作点,其次在工作点附近给予一较小的扰动电流,则系统的磁场也随之扰动.结合磁性材料的B-H曲线,磁场能量增量可以通过对磁场强度H、磁感应强度B增量的积分获得.由此,在不需要微分的条件下,各回路的磁链、静态电感和动态电感可以分别求得.本文以12/8 7.5 kW无轴承开关磁阻电机为例,在认为三相绕组完全分时导通时,可忽略相间互感;以线性铁芯材料为例,说明了主、悬浮绕组间互感在合适的连接下也可以忽略.因此,仅需求解一相主绕组、悬浮绕组的静态、动态自感即可.求解这些电感随位置角和工作电流的变化,取得了与实验一致的结果.