Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

可压缩流体热线探针校准方法研究

在可压缩流体中利用热线技术进行湍流度测量时,其输出不仅与脉动速度有关,而且也与流体温度、密度紧密相关。因此,需要在与高速可压缩流体特征相似的校准装置中,在使用前对热线探针进行准确校准。本文提出了可压缩流体热线探针校准方法,建立了热线校准(工作)数学模型,并利用自建的热线校准风洞开展了热线校准实验和湍流度测量风洞试验验证,结果表明:热线校准方法可行,校准数学模型合理可靠,热线探针校准精度较高,湍流度测量结果可信,基本可满足高速可压缩流体湍流度测量的工程需要。     

利用试验设计法建立翼型气动特性的人工神经网络模型

建立了翼型气动特性预测的BP(Back Propagation)神经网络模型,重点研究了3种选取训练样本的试验设计(DOE)法:完全析因法、正交设计法和均匀设计法,对BP神经网络预测精度的影响,利用所建立的BP神经网络对FX63-137翼型几何型线进行了优化设计。研究结果表明:在因素数和水平数较少时,完全析因法、正交设计法及均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.002%、0.029%、0.023%;在因素和水平数较多时,完全析因法的样本规模太大而不再适合,正交设计法和均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.42%和0.15%,均匀设计法的预测精度更高,更适合于翼型气动特性预测的人工神经网络模型。优化后翼型的升阻比在迎角为0°~18°范围内均高于原始翼型,在迎角为1°、4°和15°时升阻比分别提高了4.38%、1.38%和5.51%。该研究方法及成果可以应用于翼型的多参数优化设计。     

Initial ground experiments of silkworm cultures living on different feedstock for provision of high quality animal protein for human in space

Silkworm could be an alternative to provide edible animal protein in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for long-term manned space missions. Silkworms can consume non-edible plant residue and convert plant nutrients to high quality edible animal protein for astronauts. The preliminary investigation of silkworm culture was carried out in earth environment. The silkworms were fed with artificial silkworm diet and the leaves of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) separately and the nutritional structure of silkworm was investigated and compared, The culture experiments showed that: (1) Stem lettuce leaves could be used as food of silkworm. The protein content of silkworm fed with lettuce leaves can reach 70% of dry mass. (2) The protein content of silkworm powder produced by the fifth instar silkworm larvae was 70%, which was similar to the protein content of silkworm pupae. The powder of the fifth instar silkworm larvae can be utilized by astronaut. (3) The biotransformation rate of silkworm larvae between the third instar and the fifth instar could reach above 70%. The biotransformation cycle of silkworm was determined as 24 days. (4) Using the stem lettuce leaves to raise silkworm, the coarse fiber content of silkworm excrements reached about 33%. The requirements of space silkworm culture equipment, feeding approaches and feeding conditions were also preliminarily designed and calculated. It is estimated that 2.2 m³ of culture space could satisfy daily animal protein demand for seven astronauts.     

旋翼式火星无人机技术发展综述

火星表面稀薄的大气环境为旋翼式无人机在火星低空飞行提供了必要的条件。概述了火星无人机的研究背景、飞行环境与研制难点；整理了世界范围内各研究机构研制的旋翼式火星无人机的技术特点；梳理旋翼式火星无人机研究在气动特性理论、低气压飞行控制、系统集成等方面的关键技术；总结旋翼式火星无人机的仿真研究与实验研究成果；对火星无人机未来的发展趋势进行展望。     

基于Kriging模型的翼型多目标气动优化设计研究

在翼型气动优化设计中引入Kriging代理模型,发展了一套高效、稳定的气动优化设计程序。采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法在设计空间内构造一系列样本点,通过求解二维可压缩的雷诺平均NS方程（RANS）得到其响应值来建立初始Kriging模型。优化设计采用Hicks-henne函数对翼型几何外形进行参数化表示,以阻力极小化为设计目标,考虑面积、升力、力矩等约束条件,通过算例证明,发展的优化设计方法不仅可行,而且具有高效稳定的特性。与传统的优化设计方法比较,大大减少了设计时间。     

冲角对涡轮低压导向器气动特性影响的实验研究

本文实验研究了通过前置可调导叶改变来流气流方向对涡轮低压导向器环形叶栅损失的产生与分布的影响, 以及在沿叶高不同分布的冲角下模型叶栅气动特性的变化。在不同的沿叶高分布的进气冲角下, 详细地测量了导向器出口流场和叶栅表面静压分布, 得出导向器总流动损失随平均冲角的变化, 从而确定了对应最小流动损失的冲角范围, 对导向器的变工况性能做出了评价。      

浅谈数学实验与物理教学的关系

本文从数学实验的角度着手，以傅立叶级数和曲线族的包络实验为例，从一个侧面探讨数学教学与物理教学之间的关系。为高校的教学改革提供了新的视角。     

k-ω SST两方程湍流模型中参数影响的初步分析

Menter的k-ωSST两方程湍流模型在流体力学计算中有良好表现。利用均匀试验设计方法对k-ωSST模型中八个参数在小攻角亚声速、跨声速和大攻角三种典型的翼型绕流流场计算中的影响规律进行了分析。分析结果表明在附着流中参数a1是对流场的影响最大的参数;而在分离流中,参数a1对流场的影响与湍流产生与耗散等项的作用相当,模型中的四个参数:σω2、β2、β*和a1的取值都会对计算结果有较大的影响。     

基于响应面的BLISS改进方法

在分析研究BLISS(bi-level integrated system synthesis)方法的基础上,提出了一种BLISS改进方法,该方法在子系统级和系统级均引入基于试验设计的响应面进行近似,并设置了可调移动步长参数,不需再进行复杂的灵敏度分析,消除了BLISS方法对每步迭代优化移动步长的限制,减少了优化迭代次数和陷入局部最优的可能性.最后给出两个具体算例对上述方法进行了验证并与传统BLISS方法进行了对比,结果表明:其优化迭代次数分别减少了57.9%和70.3%,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.