多孔C/C材料发汗冷却实验研究

发汗冷却是解决高超声速飞行器关键部位热防护问题的有效方法,文章开展了以未完全致密化C/C材料作为多孔介质、水作为冷却剂的发汗冷却实验研究。设计并制备了发汗冷却平头实验模型,分别在热流密度1.1 MW/m2和1.45 MW/m2的氧-丙烷热结构考核条件下,通过测量模型内外壁温度响应,评估其发汗冷却速率。实验结果表明,冷却剂的引入极大地降低了模型内外壁温度,外壁面冷却速率高达8.8℃/s以上,未出现明显烧蚀现象。内壁面温度均保持在水沸点100℃以下,达到了可重复使用、耐长时加热的热防护要求,进一步表明了发汗冷却的巨大应用潜力。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

动载对管内汽水两相流流阻、空隙率和传热的影响

利用旋转平台对动载作用下单相水和沸腾两相流流动及传热特性进行了实验研究.通过改变旋转速度、入口温度、液体流量等参数,获得了静止和旋转2种状态下的单相水及沸腾两相流实验数据.对旋转状态下的管内两相流型进行可视化拍摄,得到了动载作用下的两相流型图.结果表明,过载方向与流动方向相反时,过载越大,管内压力和流阻越大,液相流量、空隙率和流体得热量越小.可见,动载阻碍流体向前流动,强化了管外散热,削弱了管内流体的相变换热能力.     

电磁力控制翼型失速的实验研究

将条状电极和磁极交错布置的电磁场激活板置于弱电解质溶液中,在流体边界层上产生具有明显分布特征的电磁力（Lorentz力）,利用电磁力可以改变流体边界层的结构,控制边界层的流动脱落与分离,可以增加翼型升力,减少其阻力,实现对翼型失速的控制。利用电磁力控制流体边界层的方法属流体主动控制方法之一。本文首先基于电磁场和流体的基本方程,对置于弱电解质中的不同极板宽度的电磁激活板周围的电磁场及产生的Lorentz力进行了数值模拟;其次,通过实验来验证此方法的有效性。将包覆有电磁激活板的翼型置于弱电解质溶液中,利用基于TMS320F2812（DSP芯片）组建的翼型失速实验控制系统来灵活改变翼型的迎角和转速,测量升力和阻力的变化;实验结果表明,正向电磁力能够有效地抑制和延缓翼型失速现象的发生。     

Effects of Boundary Layer Suction on Aerodynamic Performance in a High-load Compressor Cascade

This article is aimed to experimentally validate the beneficial effects of boundary layer suction on improving the aerodynamic performance of a compressor cascade with a large camber angle. The flow field of the cascade is measured and the ink-trace flow visualization is also presented. The experimental results show that the boundary layer suction reduces losses near the area of midspan in the cascade most effectively for all suction cases under test. Losses of the endwall could remarkably decrease only when the suction is at the position where the boundary layer has separated but still not departed far away from the blade surface. It is evidenced that the higher suction flow rate and the suction position closer to the trailing edge result in greater reduction in losses and the maximum reduction in the total pressure loss accounts to 16.5% for all cases. The suction position plays a greater role in affecting the total pressure loss than the suction flow rate does.     

金属粉末燃料冲压发动机初步试验研究

为了检验金属粉末燃料冲压发动机的点火及燃烧特性,对设计的发动机进行了初步的直连式试验研究。初步试验结果表明,目前设计的燃料供应系统能将粉末燃料有效输送到发动机燃烧室;在火炬作用下粉末燃料能实现快速点火启动;火炬工作结束粉末燃料可自身维持燃烧;燃烧室壁面沉积较多,主要分为2层,其中表层为白色MgO,内层为Mg、MgO和Mg3N2的混合物。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

某型航空发动机燃油调节器滑油腔窜油故障研究

介绍了某型发动机外场发生窜油故障的情况,对窜油故障机理进行了研究验证,确定了故障原因,制定了预防措施.     

蝴蝶悬停飞行流体力学实验模型的仿生设计

由于蝴蝶形态学上的特点(翼面宽大,展弦比小,翼型复杂)以及其特殊的飞行方式(拍动频率低,翅膀几乎垂直于身体拍动;翅膀没有翻转运动,但在翅膀拍动时身体有明显的俯仰运动和振动),蝴蝶成为探索昆虫飞行高升力机理的特殊研究对象.为了深入研究蝴蝶悬停飞行时的流场和高升力机理,设计制作一套模拟蝴蝶悬停飞行的流体力学实验模型显得尤为重要.介绍一种新设计的电控蝴蝶实验模型,该模型与真实的蝴蝶一样,包含左右翅膀和身体,并且可以实现精确定位和模拟蝴蝶不同的运动模式,包括翅膀的拍动、身体的俯仰运动和振动.研究小组应用此实验模型进行流动显示实验和PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)实验,对蝴蝶的悬停飞行进行研究.      

目标飞行器红外地球敏感器寿命分析与试验验证

针对红外地球敏感器受其寿命影响未能进行寿命验证,通过进行可靠性分析,确定了薄弱环节,设计了寿命试验,开展了地面试验验证.寿命试验采取实时寿命试验和进程加速寿命试验相结合的方法,模拟在轨工作环境,考核产品的实际工作寿命,对极端工况下（寿命末期产品密封功能失效）试验件的运转性能及失效模式进行摸底.分析了寿命试验关键参数和极端工况下试验件轴系运转测试数据,数据表明试验件工作正常,已运行在稳定工作期.由可靠性分析和寿命试验数据可以得出：目标飞行器红外地球敏感器实际寿命相对3年寿命要求有较大的裕量,寿命试验的开展可以进一步验证产品实际寿命.