载人空间站工程航天技术试验领域项目遴选程序初探

在充分借鉴国内外相关领域空间应用项目遴选流程和标准的基础上,面向国家重大战略需求及航天科技发展需求,结合我国航天技术试验领域的任务特点,提出航天技术试验领域项目遴选流程,制定航天技术试验项目遴选标准。其中,遴选流程由初选、复选、实施与推广3个阶段组成;遴选标准涵盖在空间站进行试验的必要性、先进性、可行性和安全性。遴选流程与标准的制定为后续项目的征集和论证提供了参考依据,为持续挖掘具有重大意义和影响力的项目奠定了基础。     

FGH96亚尺寸粉末冶金盘低循环疲劳寿命可靠性分析及试验研究

本文首先介绍了亚尺寸粉末冶金盘的特点,接着采用一种适合于亚尺寸粉末盘寿命可靠性的预估方法,得到了考核部位的寿命概率分布并对参数敏感性进行了分析,最后对某亚尺寸粉末冶金盘试验件的低循环疲劳试验进行了研究。结果表明,本文采用的寿命可靠性预估方法是切合实际的。     

Surface strengthening and grain refinement of AZ31B magnesium alloy by ultrasonic cavitation modification

Ultrasonic cavitation modification (UCM) employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties. To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM, the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, distance from the sample, and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied. The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to 1.5–3 times after UCM in water, which was 23.77–48.19% higher than that in kerosene. The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31B were refined after UCM. The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 μm after UCM in water, and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, while the former was more than 40 μm and the latter were concentrated between 2 μm and 10 μm in kerosene. This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene. Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.     

Transition prediction and sensitivity analysis for a natural laminar flow wing glove flight experiment

Natural laminar flow technology can significantly reduce aircraft aerodynamic drag and has excellent technical appeal for transport aircraft development with high aerodynamic efficiency. Accurately and efficiently predicting the laminar-to-turbulent transition and revealing the maintenance mechanism of laminar flow in a transport aircraft’s flight environment are significant for developing natural laminar flow wings. In this research, we carry out natural laminar flow flight experiments with different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. The critical N-factor is calibrated as 9.0 using flight experimental data and linear stability theory from a statistical perspective, which makes sure that the relative error of transition location is within 5%. We then implement a simplified e^N transition prediction method with a similar accuracy compared with linear stability theory. We compute the sensitivity information for the simplified e^N method with an adjoint-based method, using the automatic differentiation technique (ADjoint). The impact of Reynolds numbers and pressure distributions on TS waves is analyzed using the sensitivity information. Through the sensitivity analysis, we find that: favorable pressure gradients not only suppress the development of TS waves but also decrease their sensitivity to Reynolds numbers; there exist three special regions which are very sensitive to the pressure distribution, and the sensitivity decreases as the local favorable pressure gradient increases. The proposed sensitivity analysis method enables robust natural laminar flow wings design.     

空间低温溶液晶体生长的地基实验

首次使用疏水型聚四氟乙烯微孔滤膜,利用其透气不透水的特性,密封晶体生长容器,采用恒温蒸发法进行晶体生长.溶剂通过蒸发离开生长容器后,被生长容器外的吸附剂吸附,使得溶液维持一定过饱和度,以实现单晶的连续生长.在此基础上研制出一套空间低温溶液晶体生长地基模拟装置.利用此装置进行了一系列地基模拟实验,获得一批高质量α-LiIO₃单晶,证实了该生长装置的溶剂蒸发量和容器密封性能够满足空间低温溶液晶体生长需要,为未来空间低温溶液晶体生长实验奠定了基础.     

强侧风下青藏线列车气动性能风洞试验研究

列车运行过程中可能遭遇来自不同方向的强风,为了充分了解和掌握列车在侧风作用下的气动性能,作者以青藏线为工程背景,通过风洞试验,对强侧风下青藏线客车、棚车、集装箱车在桥梁和平地上运行时气动性能进行了测量和分析.结果表明:列车上的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值随侧滑角的增加而迅速增大;当侧滑角达到一定值时,列车侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值达到最大值,此后,侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值随侧滑角的增加而减小;在同样的运行速度和同样的大风风速下,列车在桥梁上运行比在平地上运行所受到的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数大,因而列车在桥上运行也相对较危险.     

二元收扩喷管设计参数对红外特征影响的数值研究

采用正交试验设计方法进行排气系统红外辐射(IR)特征数值模拟算例的设计,研究了二元收扩喷管(2D-CD)喉部宽高比、喉部型面半径比、收敛半角和扩张半角等参数对排气系统红外辐射特征的影响,并且开展了参数对排气系统红外辐射特征影响灵敏度的分析。结果表明:扩张半角是影响二元排气系统红外辐射特征空间范围最宽的参数,收敛半角主要影响尾向10°～30°范围的红外辐射特征,喉部宽高比主要影响正尾向0°和侧向90°的红外辐射特征,喉部型面半径比对红外辐射特征的影响较小;二元排气系统不同方向上红外辐射特征的最主要影响参数不同,正尾向0°方向上的最主要影响参数是喉部宽高比,侧向90°方向上的最主要影响参数按影响程度大小排序依次为扩张半角、喉部宽高比。     

某压气机静叶基元叶型优化设计及实验

为了得到更加适合压气机静叶的叶型以降低气动损失,提取了静叶中径处的叶型,通过平面叶栅实验获得了原叶型的损失特性,发现原叶型气动损失较高,需要通过合理匹配设计参数来降低损失。为此,搭建数值优化平台在约束空间内搜寻气动损失更低的叶型,目标函数的构建综合考虑了多个冲角下的总压损失系数以提升叶片的变工况性能。优化结果显示:目标函数值降低了约9%,进一步实验研究发现,在实验涉及的整个马赫数和冲角范围内优化叶型比原叶型具有更低的总压损失系数,设计工况总压损失系数较原型叶型下降了31.3%,提升了叶型在正冲角边界附近的抗失速能力,设计进口马赫数正4°冲角下气流折转角增加1°。通过对实验结果的深入分析,解释了叶型性能提升的机理,对工作在相似环境的叶型设计及多目标优化方向给出了建议。     

横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔流场特性及相关改进方案的实验比较研究

本文通过对模型实验手段,比较研究了横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔的空气流场特征,较为系统地揭示了横风对空冷塔及空气动力场的主要影响原因,在基础上,比较研究了多种乘法有效的改善单双塔流场的措施,并提出了相应的工程实施建议。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AERODYNAMIC INTERACTION EFFECT OF ROTOR WAKE ON FUSELAGE OF HELICOPTER

The aerodynamic interaction effect of rotorwake on fuselage isan importantproblem in designof helicopter. It affects flight performance,equi-librium,control stabilization and vibrational level.The developing trend of modern helicopter is thatthe size is towards more compact and the load ofrotor disk is towards heavier. The load of rotordisk is about 2 0 kg/ m2 in the 5 0 s,but for modernhelicopter it is up to about 5 0 kg/ m2 . Therefore,the strong rotor wake impacting the closerfuselageand t…