返回式卫星EXPRESS的再入技术试验

该文简略介绍日本返回式卫星EXPRESS的再入试验计划。     

Numerical and experimental study of bleed impact in multistage axial compressors

In this study, the influence of inter-stage bleeding on the compressor performance and inter-stage flow field of a multistage axial compressor is investigated by both experimental and numerical methods. The experiment is conducted on a four-stage low-speed axial compressor, and a specific computational model is built to simulate the experiment environment accurately. To illuminate the fluid mechanisms of bleeding effect in detail, both the experiment and the simulation are carried out twice, i.e., in the first time, the mass flow rate upstream the bleed location is constant under different bleed rate conditions; while in the second time, the mass flow rate downstream the bleed location is constant under different bleed rate conditions. The results demonstrate that inter-stage bleeding has little influence on upstream compressor characteristics, and affects the upstream flow field only in the rear half of the stator. The bleed effect on the downstream flow field is embodied in the variation of an incoming flow profile, an increase as the compressor inlet flow coefficient decreases. Therefore, such an effect is only significant on compressor characteristics at small flow coefficient conditions. In multistage compressors, the variation of compressor characteristics and flow field caused by inter-stage bleeding is the comprehensive result of the bleeding and the variation of the upstream working condition. In addition, the comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that the flow moves towards top half of span through the downstream rotor passage in the numerical simulation, whereas the trend of flow field variation with different bleed rates at the outlet of the downstream rotor and stator is the same with that at the inlet of the downstream rotor in the experiment, which means that the numerical method has overestimated the radial mixing intensity of the flow.     

函道螺旋桨设计方法研究

由于函道和螺旋桨互相干扰的复杂性,函道螺旋桨的设计需要较长时间。本文提出了一种在函道螺旋桨初步设计阶段确定桨叶外形的简便方法。首先,根据动量理论计算通过桨盘的流量,再由工程经验估算桨盘前后的压差增量,然后运用叶素理论设计桨叶的几何形状。为了验证该方法的可行性,加工了桨叶和函道,并进行风洞实验。结果表明,设计值与实验测量值吻合较好,说明该方法实用、有效,采用该方法可以加快函道螺旋桨设计过程。     

玉米空间飞行处理细胞超微结构变异的研究

玉米干种子搭载于返回式卫星上，经离海平面１７６ｋｍ至３５４ｋｍ的空间条件处理，发现处理后的玉米叶片超微结构发生各种变异。主要变异包括：细胞质壁分离，液泡增大，细胞壁加厚、扭曲，胞间连丝增多，出现叶绿体基粒盘和基质类囊体的变异，细胞核和叶绿体变形，内质网的数量增多、体积增大，以及其它细胞内膜系统与其它超微结构的变化。     

消融控制电弧等离子体发生器放电特性的实验研究

通过衬套材料消融补充等离子体从而控制电弧生长的技术具有很好的应用前景。利用一个总贮能800kJ的模块化电容基脉冲功率源系统为消融控制电弧等离子体发生器强流放电提供电能输入，在一定的参数变化范围内，实验研究了脉冲功率源初始放电参数、等离子体发生器几何参数以及消融材料对消融控制电弧放电特性的影响规律。借助于理论分析，也可定性获得消融控制电弧等离子体压力和温度对上述影响参量变化的依赖关系。     

横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔流场特性及相关改进方案的实验比较研究

本文通过对模型实验手段，比较研究了横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔的空气流场特征，较为系统地揭示了横风对空冷塔及空气动力场的主要影响原因，在基础上，比较研究了多种乘法有效的改善单双塔流场的措施，并提出了相应的工程实施建议。     

电弧加热射流O2激光诱导荧光技术温度测量

采用ArF准分子激光器作为激发光源来激励O2-Schumann-Runge带系(B3Σ-u←X3Σ-g)193.3nm附近的转动吸收谱线,用紫外光电倍增管探测该带系256nm附近的荧光信号,建立了ArF准分子激光器O2激光诱导荧光流场测试系统.在建立O2单带测温模型和软件的基础上,利用Schumann-Runge带系(10,2)带的荧光信号、测量了氧氩混合电弧加热射流的径向温度分布.结果表明我们建立的ArF准分子激光器O2-LIF测试系统是成功的.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AERODYNAMICINTERACTION EFFECT OF ROTOR WAKE ONFUSELAGE OF HELICOPTER

The aerodynamic interaction effect of rotorwake on fuselage isan importantproblem in designof helicopter. It affects flight performance,equi-librium,control stabilization and vibrational level.The developing trend of modern helicopter is thatthe size is towards more compact and the load ofrotor disk is towards heavier. The load of rotordisk is about 2 0 kg/ m2 in the 5 0 s,but for modernhelicopter it is up to about 5 0 kg/ m2 . Therefore,the strong rotor wake impacting the closerfuselageand t…     

有声腔燃烧室的声学特性实验

为了掌握声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律,采用冷态实验方法,研究了带有轴向直圆孔声腔的模拟燃烧室的声学特性,其中声腔长度、开口面积比（声腔横截面积除以燃烧室横截面积）和个数均可调节.研究结果表明:燃烧室固有频率随声腔长度的增加而逐渐减小;声腔存在最佳深度,能够抑制一阶切向振型,该最佳深度不受声腔开口面积比影响,略小于1/4一阶切向波长;对抑制一阶切向振型而言,声腔存在最佳开口面积比,在本研究中约为0.17;声腔的分布对燃烧室的声学特性影响较大,相同开口面积比下,声腔个数越多,声波衰减越快.      

二元弯曲压缩进气道变攻角起动试验

开展了内外压缩型面可控的弯曲压缩进气道反设计方法研究,并针对设计的二元弯曲压缩进气道进行了不同马赫数下变攻角起动数值仿真及试验研究,获得了进气道起动攻角迟滞环,仿真与试验得到的不起动/自起动攻角、出口流场以及压力分布吻合良好,同时试验结果也表明设计的弯曲压缩进气道具有较高的综合气动特性,设计点Ma=4、α=3°抗反压能力70倍来流压力以上,总压恢复系数在0.5以上。