Evaluation of Characteristics of Non-Metallic Inclusions in P/M Ni-Base Superalloy by Automatic Image Analysis

Non-metallic inclusions,especially the large ones,within P/M Ni-base superalloy have a major influence on fatigue characteristics,but are not directly measurable by routine inspection.In this paper,a method,automatic image analysis,is proposed for estimation of the content,size and amount of non-metallic inclusions in superalloy.The methodology for the practical application of this method is described and the factors affecting the precision of the estimation are discussed.In the experiment,the characteristics of the non-metallic inclusions in Ni-base P/M superalloy are analyzed.     

空气动力试验中的计量监督与保障

以具体事例说明了计量在空气动力试验中的作用，简述了对基地计量体系建立与发展的认识和体会。     

Plant mineral nutrition,gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review

Successful growth and development of higher plants in space rely on adequate availability and uptake of water and nutrients, and efficient energy distribution through photosynthesis and gas exchange. In the present review, literature has been reviewed to assemble the relevant knowledge within space plant research for future planetary missions. Focus has been on fractional gravity, space radiation, magnetic fields and ultimately a combined effect of these factors on gas exchange, photosynthesis and transport of water and solutes.     

Physics results with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

ARGO-YBJ is a multipurpose experiment consisting in a dense sampling air shower array with 93% sensitive area located at very high altitude. The apparatus is in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, PR China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm²). In this paper we report the main results in Gamma-Ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics after about 3 years of operation.     

Detection of the high energy component of Jovian electrons in Low Earth Orbit with the PAMELA experiment

The PAMELA experiment is devoted to the study of cosmic rays in Low Earth Orbit with an apparatus optimized to perform a precise determination of the galactic antimatter component of c.r. It is constituted by a number of detectors built around a permanent magnet spectrometer. PAMELA was launched in space on June 15th 2006 on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite for a mission duration of 3 years. The characteristics of the detectors, the long lifetime and the orbit of the satellite, will allow to address several aspects of cosmic-ray physics. In this work we discuss the observational capabilities of PAMELA to detect the electron component above 50 MeV. The magnetic spectrometer allows a detailed measurement of the energy spectrum of electrons of galactic and Jovian origin. Long term measurements and correlations with Earth–Jupiter 13 months synodic period will allow to separate these two contributions and to measure the primary electron Jovian component, dominant in the 50–70 MeV energy range. With this technique it will also be possible to study the contribution to the electron spectrum of Jovian e⁻ reaccelerated up to 2 GeV at the Solar Wind Termination Shock.     

航空发动机涡轮机匣温度试验对比验证研究

涡轮机匣结构复杂且工作环境比较恶劣,直接利用发动机部件开展机匣表面换热规律研究难度极大.通过采用简化模型的基础研究结合某发动机部件试验验证的方式进行研究.在基础研究中,取涡轮机匣的1个周期性扇段作为研究对象,对机匣结构中的一些圆弧、倒角、倒圆等结构进行了简化,采用数值计算和瞬态液晶测试技术获得了涡轮机匣表面换热经验关系式;在验证试验中,针对某发动机部件,在压力和温度均接近发动机工况下进行试验,获得了涡轮机匣表面换热情况,并对基础研究获得的经验关系式进行了验证.研究结果表明:基础研究获得的换热经验关系式在发动机部件试验中同样适用.应用的研究方法可供类似研究借鉴.     

采用长细管法进行脉动压力转捩探测的实验研究

为了简便地使用测量模型表面脉动压力特征的方法探测边界层转捩位置,需要研究脉动压力传感器接在传统测压模型外的适用性,即通过长细管将模型表面的脉动压力信号传递到脉动压力传感器上的方式是否可得到转捩的特征信号。首先采用信号发生器驱动扬声器,在无风条件下,测量了长细管对不同频率声压信号的传递损失情况。证明了所采用的长细管系统具有合适的工作频带。然后在西北工业大学NF-3低速风洞二元实验段、实验风速为30m/s的条件下,对弦长为800mm、展长为1.6m的翼型模型沿弦向进行了脉动压力信号测量,并通过改进的数据处理技术判断了模型表面的转捩位置。研究结果表明,采用长细管系统进行脉动压力方法转捩探测具有一定应用价值,值得进一步深入研究。     

狭义相对论、迈克耳孙-莫雷实验和洛伦兹理论

提出两条公设,发现同时性的相对性和改造牛顿力学是建立狭义相对论的三个主要环节。爱因斯坦关于迈克耳孙-莫雷实验对狭义相对论的建立没起决定性的作用的说法是可信的。洛伦兹1904年的理论是坚持牛顿力学作为整个物理学基础所能达到的最好理论,但不能导致狭义相对论。     

基于PATRAN/NASTRAN的复合材料结构铺层的分级优化设计方法

提出了一种用于复合材料结构铺层分级优化设计的有效方法,探讨了在当前载荷和边界条件下应变能与铺层厚度和结构质量之间的关系。在PATRAN/NASTRAN的基础上,采用直接搜索法与正交试验法相结合的优化方法,建立了一套实用的优化系统。该系统可适用于对称/非对称层合板、蜂窝夹层结构及多部件组合结构等多种结构类型;可解决多约束问题,约束条件考虑了应力、应变、最大位移、固有频率及结构屈曲失稳等多种因素。通过典型算例及工程应用,证明该系统能够取得优于其它同类算法的优化结果。     

超高速防空导弹结构防热技术

介绍了高超声速导弹结构防热技术的发展现状，根据新一代超高速防空导弹气动加热特征，讨论了防空导弹弹体结构，包括天线罩，弹身各舱段，弹翼和空气舵的结构热防护技术以及相关的热结构分析与试验技术。