低雷诺数下Mini-TED对翼型流动分离特性的影响PIV实验研究

介绍了安装有后移式微型后缘装置(Rearward Mini-TED)的NACA23012翼型流场结构的低雷诺数风洞实验结果。实验采用PIV技术采集了不同迎角时翼型周围的速度分布,测量了后缘附近 Mini-TED周围的详细涡旋结构,并与NACA23012原型翼型周围流场进行比较分析,以研究该 Mini-TED对翼面流动分离特性造成的影响,本实验以弦长为特征量的雷诺数为Re≈1.3×105。实验结果显示,Mini-TED对上翼面的流动分离有明显的抑制作用,尤其在较大迎角时更为有效,并且上翼面流速均高于对应迎角时原型翼型的翼面速度;下翼面流动在Mini-TED前方形成局部的低速区,造成静压升高,同时 Mini-TED 上方观察到对涡结构,形成低压区,二者共同作用的结果将导致后缘产生附加升力,增加翼型的低头力矩。上下翼面间的速度差比原型翼型有所增加,使翼型获得更高的升力。     

旋转盘腔稳态换热试验的时间相关性

在稳态换热试验中,试验没有达到稳定就测量会增大误差,常见工况中盘面平均努塞尔数Nu误差的半衰期为2500~2700s。为判断试验是否达到稳定或可测量状态,采用瞬态计算方法对旋转盘腔换热试验的稳定时间的判定方法进行了研究。数值计算结果表明:对于旋转盘腔换热试验,稳定时间较长。提供了一种通过试验精度判定稳定时间和可测时间的方法,试验前可以由固体非稳态导热的傅里叶数估算可测时间。建议试验过程中每隔一段时间观测传感器数值,观测时间间隔按对数规律确定,直到传感器数值不变以确定达到稳定状态。      

开槽尾流板对跨声速涡轮平面叶栅流场影响的实验

采用数值计算和实验相结合的方式研究了开槽尾流板对跨声速涡轮平面叶栅流场周期性的影响。通过数值计算研究了不同开孔率（10%、15%、30%、50%）和偏转角度（70°、71°、72°）下尾流板对叶片表面及叶栅流道出口压力分布的影响,并通过实验验证了尾流板对流道出口流场周期性的改善作用。结果表明:无尾流板时叶片表面压力分布明显偏离周期性计算结果,且流道出口压力分布的周期性误差较大;尾流板偏转角度和开孔率会影响叶片表面及叶栅流道出口的压力分布,适当调节尾流板参数能改善流场周期性;安装开孔率为50%,偏转角度为70°的尾流板时各流道出口的压力分布一致性最好且最接近周期性计算结果,计算和实验结果的周期性误差较无尾流板时分别降低47.6%和28.1%。      

一种新型Z-Pinch PPT的设计和试验

提出一种基于Z-Pinch原理但无需火花塞而自点火新型微脉冲等离子体推力器（Z-Pinch SI PPT）。为了降低推力器的点火电压以及去掉尺寸减小和轻量化的限制,采用点火和放电一体化的改性聚四氟乙烯为推进剂,两个电极分别为钉状阳极和中心有孔的阴极。相比于传统Z Pinch PPT和平行板脉冲等离子体推力器,该推力器的优点是没有活动部件、火花塞以及为火花塞供电的电源,结构更加简单紧凑。目前研制的该型推力器本体尺寸包络仅有21mm左右,质量为15g。在保持较大推功比优势基础上,点火放电的电压峰值仅为同样自点火的同轴PPT的24%,气体PPT的2.4%。真空舱内多次点火实现累计脉冲1万多次的试验结果表明,该推力器点火电压为480V,推功比为17.83μN/W,平均推力为85.6μN。     

侧压式进气道动态攻角特性的风洞实验

为了研究攻角导致的来流条件非定常变化对高超声速进气道性能的影响,以一个设计马赫数为6的侧压式进气道为研究对象,结合数值模拟的方法,在马赫数为3.85条件下进行了攻角动态变化的风洞实验,攻角变化范围为0°~8.2°,最大频率达到10.4Hz.研究结果表明:工作在大攻角时,侧压式进气道出现不起动现象,流场特征出现很大变化;攻角动态变化时,进气道重复出现起动-不起动-再起动现象,由于受到壁面运动的影响,壁面点压力随攻角的变化曲线出现一定的迟滞现象,这在不起动时尤为明显;当进气道攻角动态频率增加时,进气道不起动时的攻角逐渐增加,而再起动时的攻角逐渐减小.      

基于子孔径拼接的超大型光学遥感器检测技术

针对超大型光学遥感器的系统检测问题,文章在常规方法的基础上提出了子孔径拼接检测法,即采用小口径自准直平面镜代替全口径自准直镜在光轴竖直状态下进行系统检测,通过子孔径拼接算法可以高精度地还原系统全口径的波前信息。文章对该方法的基本原理进行了分析和研究,完成了相关仿真实验,利用口径为1.8m的自准直平面镜对口径为3.2m的光学系统进行了子孔径拼接检测,检测结果验证了该方法的理论可行性。     

Stress-controlled LCF experiments and ratcheting behaviour simulation of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation

Uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 with [001] orientation are investigated through the stress-controlled LCF tests with stress ratio of −1. Then the deformation behaviour during the whole-lifetime from the beginning of the experiment to the fracture of the specimen, as well as the fractographic/metallographic morphology, are compared with the strain-controlled LCF experimental results. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, it is shown that the failure characteristics under stress-controlled LCF loading are similar with those under strain-controlled loading. Nevertheless, unlike strain-controlled LCF loading, even under fully reversed cycle loading for stress-controlled LCF, DD6 shows significant ratcheting behaviour due to the tension-compression asymmetry. In addition, the LCF lifetimes under stress control are significantly shorter than the LCF lifetimes under strain control, and the culprit might be the detrimental effect of ratcheting strain on LCF lifetime. Based on these phenomena, an improved crystal plasticity constitutive model on the basis of slip-based Walker constitutive model is developed through modifying the kinematic hardening rule in order to overcome the inaccurate prediction of decelerating stage and stable stage of ratcheting behaviour. Furthermore, combining the continuum damage mechanics, a damage-coupled crystal plasticity constitutive model is proposed to reflect the damage behaviour of DD6 and the accelerating stage of ratcheting behaviour. The simulation results for the stress-controlled LCF deformation behaviour including the whole-lifetime ratcheting behaviour show good agreement with the experimental data.     

Heat Absorbing and Releasing Experiments with Improved Phase-change Thermal Storage Canisters

This article, based on authors' long-term study, proposes an improved foamed-Ni-packed phase-change thermal storage canister, which takes advantage of the foamed-Ni characteristic of instinctive porous structure and excellent properties to ameliorate its void distribution and thermal conductivity. The improved canister and the unimproved one without foamed-Ni package, are put to heat absorbing and releasing tests to investigate the effects of heat absorbing temperature upon the phase-change materials (PCM) melting time under three temperature schemes by using platinum resistance thermometers (PT100) and data acquisition modules (ADAM-4000) to gather the data of varying temperature. Afterwards, the computerized tomography (CT) is employed to scan the void distribution in both canisters. Compared to the unimproved canister, the experimental results evidence the superiority of the improved one in higher uniformity in void and temperature distribution as well as faster thermal responses.     

纳米颗粒在储层微流道中的减阻机理实验研究

用SNP1-1、SNP2-2和SNP2-4三种疏水纳米材料分别与柴油配制成3种油基纳米液,用SNP2-2分别与ND3和ND4配制成2种水基纳米液,通过岩心流动实验测试了这5种纳米液的减阻效果。实验结果显示,3种油基纳米液使岩心水相渗透率提高了42%、49%和24%,2种水基纳米液分别使岩心水相渗透率提高了17.5%和75%,5种纳米液都具有减阻效果,但不同纳米液的效果差异明显,这说明增注液不具有唯一性,但纳米粒径、修饰剂和分散剂对减阻效果有明显的影响。测试了SNP2-2油基纳米液处理岩心的耐冲刷能力,岩心经180倍孔隙体积（PV）水的驱替,仍具有一定的效果,说明纳米边界层流道壁面有较强的吸附能力。现场采用SNP2-2和ND4配制的纳米液进行了三口井的增注试验,注水压力最大降幅12.5MPa。研究结果与实验前的设想相符,较好地说明了纳米减阻机理。     

对转发动机模拟低压转子动力特性研究

建立了对转发动机模拟低压转子动力特性有限元分析模型,对转子的动力特性—临界转速和振型进行了计算分析,在高速旋转试验器上完成了全转速范围内的动力特性验证试验,并对计算结果和试验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:计算模型能反映模拟低压转子的真实动力特性,转子在额定工作转速范围内存在3阶弯曲临界转速,各阶临界转速均满足设计准则要求,各阶振型全部为弯曲振型,这是1个非常典型的带柔性轴的柔性转子。