Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合材料补片胶接修补研究进展

介绍了复合材料补片胶接修补的优越性及关键技术，详细论述了复合材料补片胶接修补的设计分析以及修补的无损检测和试验验证，追踪报道了补片胶接修补的研究方法。     

三维四向编织复合材料等效热特性数值分析和试验研究

 采用“米”字型枝状胞体有限元模型和试验方法对三维四向编织复合材料的整体等效热膨胀系数和等效热传导系数进行了分析并将计算结果和试验值进行了比较。研究表明枝状胞体模型能较为真实的反映三维四向编织复合材料的结构构形;有限元方法在分析热膨胀、热传导方面具有较好的精度;三维四向编织复合材料编织方向的热膨胀系数随着纤维体积比的增加而减小,随着编织角的增加而减小;热传导系数随着纤维体积比的增加而增大,随着编织角的增大而增大。     

Fe/O Ratios in Interplanetary Shock Accelerated Particles

It is widely accepted that diffusive shock acceleration is an important process in the heliosphere, in particular in producing the energetic particles associated with interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. In its simplest formulation shock acceleration is expected to accelerate ions with higher mass to charge ratios less efficiently than those with lower mass to charge. Thus it is anticipated that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ion populations will decrease with increasing energy above some energy. We examine the circumstances of five interplanetary shocks that have been reported to have associated populations in which Fe/O increases with increasing energy. In each event, the situation is complex, with particle contributions from other sources in addition to the shock. Furthermore, we show that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ions can decrease even when the shock is traveling through an Fe-rich ambient ion population. Thus, although shock acceleration of an Fe-rich suprathermal population has been proposed to explain large Fe-rich solar particle events, we find no support for this proposal in these observations.     

光纤环及其骨架材料膨胀系数测量方法研究与实现

介绍了一种光纤环及其骨架膨胀系数的简易测量方法,并组建了测量系统。利用铝材和不锈钢,对系统的可行性进行了验证,同时用该系统测量了光纤环及不同骨架的膨胀系数,并对实验数据进行了分析研究,实验结果表明：该系统能够为找出与光纤环相匹配的骨架材料提供技术支撑,具有一定的实用和推广应用价值。     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

间隙高度对超声速膨胀器流场及性能的影响

采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,对不同间隙高度超声速膨胀器的流场和性能进行了数值研究,结果表明:间隙高度显著影响三维流道内的局部流动特性和超声速膨胀器的整体性能,随间隙高度增加,气流最高相对马赫数降低,高速区范围逐步缩小;泄漏涡增强,尺度变大,横向和径向运动明显,泄漏损失增加,但激波及激波附面层相互作用的损失降低;超声速膨胀器的膨胀比先增大后减小,等熵绝热效率持续降低.下端壁、吸力面附近低能流体之间以及与壁面的摩擦损失和间隙泄漏损失是有间隙超声速膨胀器三维流道内损失的主要来源,超声速膨胀器的间隙高度宜在0.9%h₀~1.5%h₀之间选取.      

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

一种超声速状态下机载推进系统模型的建模方法

为了满足机载航空推进系统模型对精度、实时性及数据存储量的苛刻要求,提出了一种机载模型建模方法.对传统的机载稳态模型建立过程中使用的相似准则进行了充分讨论,得出了一种具备更高建模精度的相似准则.在新的相似准则基础上,建立了包含泰勒展开式中非线性2阶项的高精度稳态变量模型,有效解决了分段线性稳态变量模型在大包线、变状态条件下精度难以保证的问题;为了解决超声速状态下安装推力与发动机净推力差别较大的问题,建立了考虑外流特性的简化进气道模型,给出了一种计算安装推力的方法,即由简化发动机模型计算安装推力中符合相似准则的部分,由进气道模型计算溢流阻力、放气阻力及发动机推力中不符合相似准则的部分.仿真结果表明:基于新的相似准则所建立的机载模型具有大包线、变状态适应性,输出参数误差均在0.5%以内.      

爆炸冲击载荷下典型机身结构动响应及破坏

确定满足适航要求的最小风险炸弹位置,必须研究爆炸冲击载荷下机身结构动响应及破坏模式。以某型飞机典型机身结构为研究对象,采用LS-DYNA商用软件,建立了爆炸冲击载荷下机身典型结构动响应数值模型。采用控制变量法分析了爆炸物当量、爆炸冲击距离以及爆炸冲击位置对典型机身结构动响应及破坏模式的影响,同时研究了损伤后典型机身结构的剩余强度。研究结果表明,造成机身结构有效破坏的爆炸物临界当量与爆炸冲击距离密切相关;爆炸冲击距离对典型机身结构损伤及剩余强度影响不明显;典型机身结构筋条位置对剩余强度影响较大。在此基础上,提出了表征剩余强度的无量纲系数,并建立了剩余强度无量纲系数与爆炸物当量及爆炸冲击距离之间的函数关系。