碳/氰酸酯复合材料原子氧效应试验研究

选取具有良好应用前景的M40/DFA-1、M40/DFA-N3（添加TiO2纳米颗粒）碳纤维增强氰酸酯基复合材料为研究对象,开展航天器在轨原子氧环境地面模拟试验,通过表面/断口形貌观察、质量损失测试、层间剪切强度测试以及表面成分分析等方式,分析探讨了上述2种碳/氰酸酯基复合材料的原子氧损伤效应。结果表明,在原子氧的作用下,2种材料表面树脂均受到了一定程度的剥蚀,添加纳米颗粒的M40/DFA-N3质损率及原子氧剥蚀率相对更高,但层间剪切强度下降幅度相对较小,这可能是由于其氧化反应更加剧烈,生成的碳氧双键比例更高的结果。     

大气等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2涂层工艺与性能研究

以结合强度为测试指标进行正交试验,优化出纳米ZrO2热障涂层喷涂的最佳工艺参数,并对该涂层的结合强度、抗热震性能及隔热性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,经优化工艺喷涂的涂层结合强度可达33 MPa;抗热震性能好,1050℃水冷试验中,涂层可经历22次左右的热震循环;隔热效果明显,火焰与涂层表面以及涂层表面和试样背面随着火焰温度不同,分别具有300~600℃和100~200℃左右的温差。     

HTPB推进剂低温裂纹扩展特性试验研究

使用中间穿透型平板裂纹试件开展不同温度下Ⅰ-型裂纹扩展试验,研究了温度对HTPB推进剂裂纹扩展特性的影响。使用改进割线法计算了不同温度下推进剂的裂纹扩展速率,得到了其裂纹扩展阻力曲线,并对裂纹扩展速率与Ⅰ-型应力强度因子进行了回归分析。研究结果表明,在低温下推进剂的裂纹扩展速率比常温时要大,温度越低,裂纹开始扩展的时间越短。不同温度下推进剂的裂纹扩展速率与Ⅰ-型应力强度因子都满足幂函数关系。     

横肋粗糙元地表的风场阻力特征研究

使用雷诺应力模型(RSM)模拟横肋粗糙元地表的风场,将粗糙元横截面的高宽比 h/b、粗糙元间距宽度比w/b 以及间距高度比 w/h 作为粗糙表面的特征参数,利用数值方法定量研究了粗糙表面阻力随粗糙元密度的变化规律以及粗糙元横截面尺寸改变对阻力的影响。研究结果表明：粗糙元横截面尺寸改变不影响粗糙表面阻力随粗糙元分布密度的变化规律,粗糙元的间距高度比 w/h 是横肋粗糙表面的关键特征参数,且粗糙表面的平均总阻力在 w/h=7时取得最大值。     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

经济学视角下的企业变革阻力问题研究

从经济学视角出发,发现企业变革中存在阻力问题的原因主要表现在以下三个方面:一是路径依赖使企业变革受到惯性阻力;二是信息不对称使得员工恐惧产生变革阻力;三是变革的风险成本大于收益,困扰企业变革前进的脚步。基于此,要消除企业变革的阻力问题可以从加强对员工的培训力度、让员工参与变革、塑造共同愿景、建立强有力的领导团队以及提高员工对变革的适应性等几个方面着手。     

Flow characteristics in a rotor-stator cavity with cooling air inlet at low radius

Experiments were conducted on a typical rotor-stator system where air entered through an annular slot at low radius and flowed out of the cavity axially through a rim seal between the rotor and the stator. For the seal in this rotor-stator system, the stationary shroud overlapped the rotating one. Pressure distributions at the stator surface and flow resistance coefficients of the rotor-stator cavity with a maximum gap of 67mm were measured under different dimensionless mass flow rates from 1.32×104 to 4.87×104 with a large range of rotational Reynolds numbers from 0.418×106 to 2.484×106. The results show that pressure on the stator surface decreases with the increase of rotational Reynolds number when the dimensionless mass flow rate is below 1.3×104; when the dimensionless mass flow rate is above 3.034×104, the trend reverses. This is the so-called "pressure inversion effect". However, dimensionless pressure does not show the same changes when rotational dynamic pressure is chosen as the denominator. The resistance coefficient of the rotor-stator cavity is determined by the dimensionless mass flow rate and rotational Reynolds number; for practical application, the resistance coefficient can also be estimated by the turbulent flow parameter in the range of turbulent parameter from 0.1 to 1.6.      

卫星导电铜箔接地性能退化机理研究

接地网的接地性能关系整星电磁兼容性的优劣。文章从接地网导电铜箔的搭接现状入手,分析铜箔本身和导电胶的电阻以及铜箔接地电阻退化的机理;通过温湿度加速试验验证指出,在导电铜箔接地性能退化中导电胶的性能退化起主导作用;通过工艺试验得出电焊可以显著改善铜箔接地性能,以满足型号任务需求。     

烧结多孔结构的渗透和流阻特性研究

为研究粉末冶金多孔结构的渗透性和流阻,以空气和氢气为介质进行了实验.实验显示微孔内流雷诺数低于1时,介质流量与穿过多孔结构的压降呈线性关系;当内流雷诺数高于1时,其流量与压降呈非线性特征.分析表明:传统的堆积床经验关系式将低估氢气和空气在烧结材料微孔中的流阻;相反,高估烧结多孔结构的渗透性能.并用粉末烧结结构的氢气和空气渗透实验数据拟合了多孔结构渗透率及摩擦阻力关联式.      

裂纹扩展阻力曲线与试样厚度关系

在有关裂纹扩展理论阻力曲线研究的基础上,给出了阻力曲线与试样厚度关系的数学表达式.利用少量试验结果,根据最小二乘方法即可确定表达式中的参量.通过这一表达式,可以计算任意厚度下的阻力曲线方程,从而获得该厚度对应的阻力曲线.这一数学表达式得到了试验结果的验证,并可补充现有手册中试验数据之不足.