A Review of the Attachment Line Instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control

This paper focuses on the investigation of the attachment line instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control （HLFC）, one of the most promising drag reduction technologies for modern transport aircraft respect to high Reynolds numbers and large sweep angles. The attachment line instability also plays an important role during laminar turbulent transition control and HLFC design on a swept wing. The overview of historical research is presented and knowledge gaps are pointed out as the conclusion.     

Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities in areas such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. Flapping wings with suitable wing kinematics, wing shapes, and flexible structures can enhance lift as well as thrust by exploiting large-scale vortical flow structures under various conditions. However, the scaling invariance of both fluid dynamics and structural dynamics as the size changes is fundamentally difficult. The focus of this review is to assess the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation. While in classical stationary wing theory, the tip vortices (TiVs) are seen as wasted energy, in flapping flight, they can interact with the LEV to enhance lift without increasing the power requirements. Surrogate modeling techniques can assess the aerodynamic outcomes between two- and three-dimensional wing. The combined effect of the TiVs, the LEV, and jet can improve the aerodynamics of a flapping wing. Regarding aeroelasticity, chordwise flexibility in the forward flight can substantially adjust the projected area normal to the flight trajectory via shape deformation, hence redistributing thrust and lift. Spanwise flexibility in the forward flight creates shape deformation from the wing root to the wing tip resulting in varied phase shift and effective angle of attack distribution along the wing span. Numerous open issues in flapping wing aerodynamics are highlighted.     

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole (SEH) and film cooling hole (FCH), which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.     

带有前缘气膜冷却燃气轮机叶片的气热耦合研究(英文)

使用气热耦合数值计算方法对带有"淋浴喷头"式前缘气膜冷却的C3X燃气轮机叶片进行数值模拟。通过对使用不同湍流模型的计算结果与实验测量值进行对比,使用转捩模型能够比较准确的模拟带有气膜冷却射流的边界层内的流动和传热过程。气膜冷却射流在叶片吸力面上游层流边界层区域内表现出比较明显的三维湍流特性,但在吸力面下游边界层转捩为湍流以后,湍流使得气膜冷却射流与主流燃气掺混过程加速而使其三维流动特性迅速消失;在吸力面由于边界层流动始终为层流状态,冷却射流与主流掺混较缓慢而使其仍能保持较强的三维湍流特性。边界层内由高温燃气与被冷却叶片之间温度差形成的温度梯度有益于增强边界层流动的稳定性。     

基于数据融合的边缘检测新方法研究

基于经典形态学的边缘检测方法虽然具有较好的去噪能力,但其得到的往往是断续的,不完整的边缘信息,不能反映全部的边缘特性.分别利用改进的数学形态学的方法和拉普拉斯算法对图像进行边缘检测,然后将两种方法处理后的图像进行数据融合,实验结果表明,该方法得到的图像边界细腻完整,具有较好的抗噪性.     

一种基于多尺度边缘的图像融合算法

给出了一种只利用源图像多尺度边缘点进行融合的图像融合算法.该算法分为三步:首先, 对源图像进行多尺度边缘检测;其次,采用边缘相关性最大的融合准则对源图像的多尺度边 缘进行融合,得到融合图像的多尺度边缘;最后,由融合图像的多尺度边缘重构 出融合图像.该算法融合过程中计算量小,融合图像中最大程度地保留了源图像的边缘信息 ,在一定程度上对融合图像进行了压缩,从而减小了数据存储所占用的资源以及数据传输占用 的带宽.仿真结果表明,用该算法得到的融合图像能有效包含源图像的信息.      

一种基于角点引导的快速立体边缘匹配方法

提出了一种新的基于角点引导的快速立体边缘匹配方法.在匹配过程中,为了保证其快速性引入了两种新约束:角点约束与边缘约束.首先,利用匹配的角点信息引导边缘的匹配,对如何利用已匹配的角点引导边缘匹配进行了详细的阐述,同时,在引导过程中提出了只利用8个方向的区域扩张方法,进一步保证快速性.其次,提出边缘约束实现点与点的匹配,使搜索范围仅限制在几个像素内,再利用极线约束实现点的匹配,必要时可结合灰度相关约束.结果表明:该算法取得比较好的匹配效果,引入的两种约束在很大程度上提高了速度和正确率,边缘点匹配的正确率高达97%以上.      

斜劈式翼型扰流柱冷却通道流动与换热数值研究

基于NACA翼型和斜劈式纵向涡发生器结构设计了一种新型斜劈式翼型扰流柱及其在冷却通道内的排布形式,采用数值模拟方法对含有该种翼型扰流柱的涡轮叶片冷却通道流动换热特性进行了研究,得到了流场和温度场的详细特征及含有斜劈式翼型扰流柱冷却通道的换热能力。分析结果表明:斜劈式翼型扰流柱有良好的强化换热效果。该翼型扰流柱的斜劈式结构可以在其尾缘后方形成持久而稳定的二次流纵向涡,有助于加强流场的扰动作用,从而增强通道换热能力。      

多孔前缘抑制圆柱-翼型干涉噪声实验

为了抑制圆柱-翼型干涉噪声,提出了仿生多孔前缘结构的降噪措施,并在0.55 m×0.4 m声学风洞中进行了实验验证。针对典型构型,对比确定了多孔金属泡沫降低圆柱-翼型干涉峰值噪声和中高频噪声的效果。3种不同ppi（pores per inch）值多孔金属泡沫的详细声学测量结果表明,所提出的多孔前缘结构能在翼型迎角为0°和10°时,分别降低最多4.10 dB和4.67 dB的圆柱-翼型干涉峰值噪声,且能明显降低峰值频率右侧的中高频噪声;多孔材料的占比越大、ppi值越小,整体降噪效果越好。     

后视镜罩边缘结构对流场和气动噪声的影响

采用大涡模拟(LES)的计算方法,对车外后视镜不同边缘结构引起的外部流场和镜后车身表面监测点处的气动噪声进行了数值仿真.研究表明:不同的镜罩边缘结构在较大程度上影响了流经后视镜罩的气流速度和流线方向,对后视镜后部流场和监测点处声压级产生较大影响.相较于原模型的光滑边缘结构,模型1后部流场涡团更远离车身表面,有利于降低气动噪声,某监测点1/3倍频程中心频率处声压级最大降幅接近10dB;模型2后部流场涡团产生分离,并更靠近车身表面,反而使气动噪声增大.模型1的镜罩边缘结构改进方案对车外后视镜-A柱区域的流场和气动噪声都有较好的改善.