类乘波体防热壁板气动加热-温度场耦合特性分析

针对类乘波体防热壁板,采用松耦合算法推进气动热和传热迭代计算,研究气动加热-温度场的耦合特性.结果表明:在壁板达到辐射平衡前,冷壁热流和辐射平衡热流与真实气动加热的误差分别达+55.1%和-15.4%以上,必须将气动加热和温度场进行耦合分析;当地绝热壁面温度不随时间变化,表面传热系数是耦合效应的关键参数;采用平均表面传热系数进行瞬态气动加热-温度场耦合计算只进行2次气动加热计算,壁面温度预测误差在2.5%以内,可有效提高气动加热-温度场耦合计算的效率.      

航天器内环境监测的无线传感器网络应用研究

无线接口技术是航天器电子系统技术发展的前沿和热点之一, 具有广泛应用前景. 提出了用于监测航天器内部及其设备环境参数的无线传感器网络设计方案, 详细介绍了构建航天器内无线传感器网络的通信协议、网络架构、软硬件设计方法, 并给出一个将ZigBee Pro技术应用于航天器内的典型设计实例, 以TI公司最新的CC2530芯片和ZigBee协议栈Z-Stack为基础, 用于监测航天器内部及其设备的温度、湿度、电压、电流等参数. 实验证明, 本设计具有低功耗、 传输可靠、网络鲁棒性及组网灵活等优点.      

某复合材料“三防”试验件腐蚀原因分析与设计改进

某复合材料"三防"试验件在进行盐雾试验时,其连接用的抽芯铆钉出现红锈。为此从铆接装配、结构设计和铆钉材料等方面进行了分析,找出了导致铆钉锈蚀的原因,同时对分析结论进行了试验验证,证明了分析结果的正确。在此基础上对类似结构设计提出了改进措施。     

高性能战斗机燃油热管理系统

针对高性能战斗机的特点,介绍了利用燃油作为主要热沉的燃油热管理系统FTMS(Fuel Thermal Management System).以F-22的热管理系统为原型,在对其技术方案及研究方法进行了相关分析后,通过MATLAB工具建立了系统各部件的动静态仿真模块.并在此基础上,搭建了燃油热管理系统的仿真平台,利用该仿真平台对燃油热管理系统的性能及燃油代偿损失等进行预测和评估.计算结果表明,燃油热管理系统性能要好于传统的空气循环制冷系统,在热管理方面可作为我国新一代高性能飞机设计研究的一个备选方案.     

旅客机环境控制系统方案分析

介绍了波音公司和空中客车公司环境控制系统的发展现状,提出了一种使用R134a工质的变频蒸发式制冷的环境控制系统,应用起飞总质量法进行了代偿损失分析,对给定飞行剖面上的能量消耗进行了计算及定性分析,并以燃油消耗为指标对新系统的能耗特性与采用空气制冷的环境控制系统进行了比较.新系统有效降低了燃油消耗(仅21.93kg/min,约是传统系统的40%),提高了飞行的经济性。系统的低噪音、灵活调节和无污染供气,能够提高座舱的健康、舒适度.     

文献A Successful Strategy for Satellite Development and Testing点评

文章对美国在1998-2002年执行"快,好,省"采购改革方案期间航天器故障率上升146%的3个原因进行了分析与点评.这3个原因包括:对标准、规范严格遵循的意识下降;航天元器件复合度激增;系统工程管理失控.文章对抑制故障率上升的对策进行归纳,其中最重要的一条是:卫星研制工作必须严谨,一丝不苟地按照相关标准进行(环境)试验.     

航天飞行器热防护系统的一体化设计

航天飞行器进入大气层时经受强烈的气动加热,需借助于热防护系统以保护其免受气动热的伤害;飞行器机翼前缘和鼻罩是最高温区,该处的温差相当大,热防护措施尤其重要。作为热防护系统一方面要抵抗强热的冲击,另一方面要最大限度地减少气动热传入结构的内壁,这就对防热系统所用材料提出不同的要求。抗热冲击要求材料质密而隔热但又要求质轻,这就是矛盾所在。随着复合材料的发展,这对矛盾可以通过利用不同材料特性把防热系统分层来解决,从而导致一体化设计的概念和方法。本文利用热传导理论对两层结构的防热系统进行一体化设计分析。     

热防护材料表面催化特性研究进展

随着高超声速飞行器的发展,高焓离解环境下热防护材料所承受的气动热载荷在很大程度上受到材料表面催化特性的影响。根据高焓服役环境特征和热防护材料表面催化特性的发展现状,重点综述了材料表面催化反应机理和不同尺度的催化模型,分析、比较了催化特性地面测试与评价方法以及典型热防护材料表面催化特性的影响因素,简要总结了国内现阶段相关催化特性研究的初步成果,并在此基础之上提出了催化特性测试与表征方法的不足和后续研究的重点方向,为有效改进热防护材料表面催化特性试验测试技术、准确预测高超声速飞行器气动热环境,从而实现热防护系统的精细化设计提供指导。     

同轴接入设备的系统升级机制设计

高性能同轴网络(HINOC,High performance Network Over Coax)是面向下一代广播电视网的同轴电缆接入新技术,是实现模拟电视系统双向数字改造以及广播电视三网融合战略的关键技术之一.HINOC系统中的嵌入式设备HB(HINOC Bridge)与HM(HINOC Modem)需要通过在线升级实现软件版本的不断更新.针对目前一般的软件在线升级系统中普遍存在的整体加密传输效率低、硬件失效缺乏保护等问题,本升级系统设计在文件的传输和文件烧写的基本步骤上引入了文件差分编码解码、文件校验与加密解密以及异常保护机制.实际测试结果显示,升级系统能够满足HINOC系统在效率、安全性和可靠性方面的要求,保证了嵌入式系统的信息安全以及嵌入式设备在异常情况下的稳定工作.     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.