Might astronauts one day be treated like return samples?

The next time humans set foot on the Moon or another planet, will we treat the crew like we would a sample return mission when they come back to Earth? This may seem a surprising or even provocative question, but it is one we need to address. The hurdles and hazards of sending humans to Mars – for example, the technology constraints and physiological and psychological challenges – are many; but let us not forget the need to protect populations and environments from the risk of contamination [United Nations, treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies (the “Outer Space Treaty”) referenced 610 UNTS 205 - resolution 2222(XXI) of December 1966].     

An ethical approach to planetary protection

What hazards might biological contamination pose to planets, comets and other celestial bodies visited by probes launched from Earth? What hazards might returning probes pose to Earth and its inhabitants? What should be considered an acceptable level of risk? What technologies, procedures and constraints should be applied? What sort of attitude has to be chosen concerning human crews, who themselves could become both contaminated victims and contaminating agents? The vast issue of planetary protection must, more than ever, spark ethical debate. Space treaty, COSPAR recommendations offer borders and context for this reflection, which has to be introduced in the actual humanist: never has been anthropocentrism so practical and concerned, in the same time, by the next generations, because of the historical character of life. At least an ethics of risk is necessary (far from the myth of zero-risk) for all the three types of contamination: other celestial bodies (forward contamination), Earth (backward contamination) and astronauts.     

航天器空间碎片被动防护技术

文章介绍了空间碎片被动防护技术的主要技术路线及其三个核心研究内容,即风险评估、防护技术及超高速撞击试验,并对我国空间碎片被动防护技术体系的建设提出了一些初步建议。     

高超声速飞行器一体化防热与热控设计方法

围绕高超声速飞行器所遭遇的"热障"问题,阐述了防热与热控系统一体化设计的思想,指出将机身结构、防热与热控系统、推进系统耦合在一起进行一体化设计是解决"热障"问题的有效途径,并提出了不同任务需求的高超声速飞行器防热与热控系统方案思路.介绍了部分防热材料的性能,指出了在设计中选择防热材料的原则.对防热与热控系统的优化方法进行了探讨,指出了防热与热控系统一体化设计中涉及的关键技术,举例说明了防热与热控一体化设计的基本流程.      

航天器动力学环境试验的发展概况和趋势

文章介绍了20世纪航天器动力学环境试验技术的发展概况和趋势,特别就试验技术的发展作了较详细的阐述.文章指出,试验工作对解决实际的问题仍然是主要的和基础的手段.     

月球地质形貌及其环境概述

文章重点介绍了月球的地质形貌和月球环境.针对在月球上建立生产基地和居住基地,提出了需要重点开展的一些研究工作.     

非接触测温在空间环境模拟试验中的应用研究

文章指出了空间环境模拟试验中采用接触式测温的不足,分析了在大型空间模拟设备中采用红外设备进行非接触温度测量的优点和必要性.     

打造全新的中小型环境模拟试验设备

文章介绍了一个全新的中小型环境模拟试验设备的设计思路,以及如何在中小型设备上实现测量监控系统的现代化.     

卫星/有效载荷整体隔振技术简介

文章根据近年国际学术会议上的相关论文进行编研。从卫星有效载荷整体隔振的技术背景到必要性,重要性、经济价值等诸多方面予以讨论,旨在全面引进国外整星或有效载荷隔振缓冲技术,提高我国卫星设计科技含量,增强竞争能力。除了突出提供有科学研究价值的飞行实测数据和分析试验数据外,还提供国外正在研发的有源/无源组合隔振缓冲技术的最新动向。     

载人飞船总装过程中舱内环境污染的控制

针对载人飞船在总装过程中因灰尘控制不够和舱内空气不能有效流通而造成舱内环境污染的问题,提出了解决方案。重点介绍了变风量换气除尘设备的应用及其功能,阐述了工作原理并做了计算。该方案在实践中已取得较满意的效果。