热控涂层搭载飞行试验进展综述

文章对国内外航天器热控涂层在轨搭载飞行试验进行了调研,综述了利用和平号空间站、＂国际空间站＂、美国航天飞机、＂长期暴露装置＂等航天器进行的相关试验工作及主要的研究成果等。在此基础上提出了我国开展热控涂层搭载飞行试验的建议。     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.     

基于STFT的最大预示环境波形重构新方法

振动过程的最大预示环境(MEE)是指在某个关心的结构区域内,通过测量或预示手段获得的以谱形式表示的振动环境数据保守极限。然而,很多振动试验方法,特别是用振动台模拟低频瞬态环境时(低于100 Hz),需要给出试验信号的参考波形。文章结合振动模拟试验及短时傅里叶变换(STFT)时频分析,提出一种振动过程最大预示波形(MEW)的重构新方法。数值仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,使用新方法重构的MEW误差更小,且试验控制更加灵活、高效,更适合于工程应用。     

基于场景定义的电磁环境模拟系统设计

电磁环境的模拟是开展电磁环境效应研究的基础。针对电磁环境逼真构建的问题,基于面向受体实时生成与场景定义相一致的电磁环境的设计思想,提出了一种电磁环境模拟系统设计方法。给出了系统结构框架、场景定义设计和电磁信号生成设计,并对系统实现的关键技术进行了分析。场景定义单元通过对实体、信号环境、行为的编辑实现电磁环境场景自定义,并驱动信号生成单元;信号生成单元采用软件无线电思想,基于预定义场景进行信号模拟,产生真实信号环境。     

复杂电磁环境量化分级研究综述

对复杂电磁环境进行分类分级研究是认识电磁环境的基础,建立一套对其准确描述的量化表征方法,对精确制导武器的研制、部队训练与演习等具有重要意义。分析了国内外对复杂电磁环境量化分级的研究现状,指出当前量化方法在指导实践中存在的问题,最后提出了基于干扰调制与干扰强度指标的量化表征方法。     

以网络输出为导向的任务型教学在大学英语听说课程的实施与反思

本文阐述了基于以网络输出为导向的任务型教学模式的基本定义、特点,教学步骤和设计理念。通过讨论此教学模式在大学英语听说教学中的应用,总结和反思教学实践,证明基于网络环境下以输出为导向的任务型教学是一种行之有效的教学模式,能切实有效地优化英语听说课堂教学。     

固液动力探空火箭箭载数据采集系统设计

针对固液动力探空火箭在进行测试、飞行试验时,需要实时测量并记录推力、燃料供给速率以及吹除系统工况信息的问题,设计并工程实现了对箭载重要设备输出信号进行监控和采集记录的数据采集系统.以STM32F103RB微控制器为核心,完成了数据采集、存储、传输等电路的设计,并在Real View MDK集成开发环境下,运用C语言完成了控制、测试程序的编写.最后,通过Real View ULINKR仿真器实现了软硬件的联合测试,验证了系统的供电控制、采样频率、工况记录等功能都满足设计要求,完成了对箭载重要设备监控和采集记录的任务.只需修改微控制器内的操控程序,就可将此数据采集系统应用于不同型号的固液动力探空火箭.      

一体化热防护技术现状和发展趋势

防隔热/承载一体化热防护的结构承载功能使其比传统热防护具有更高的结构效率。近年来,已经发展了波纹夹芯一体化热防护及改进方案、刚性隔热夹芯一体化热防护、多层级一体化热防护等多种一体化热防护概念。首先介绍了各方案的结构特征,分析了各方案的热短路效应和结构承载性能。阐述了一体化热防护等效性能分析与热力耦合响应高效分析方法。介绍了热力耦合约束下一体化热防护的结构尺寸优化与材料优选方法。论述了一体化热防护非确定性分析与设计方面的研究进展。在此基础上,总结了一体化热防护发展的特点和不足,探讨了一体化热防护的发展方向。     

复杂热环境下平流层飞艇高空驻留热动力学特性

热问题是平流层飞艇高空驻留期间面临的重点问题之一。分析了太阳辐射、地球反照和红外辐射等热环境因素的时变特征,提出了多节点平流层飞艇热动力学分析模型。该模型可较好地实现平流层飞艇昼夜热动力学特性仿真研究。计算结果表明,季节、纬度和大气对流等因素对平流层飞艇的热动力学特性有着重要影响。     

类乘波体防热壁板气动加热-温度场耦合特性分析

针对类乘波体防热壁板,采用松耦合算法推进气动热和传热迭代计算,研究气动加热-温度场的耦合特性.结果表明:在壁板达到辐射平衡前,冷壁热流和辐射平衡热流与真实气动加热的误差分别达+55.1%和-15.4%以上,必须将气动加热和温度场进行耦合分析;当地绝热壁面温度不随时间变化,表面传热系数是耦合效应的关键参数;采用平均表面传热系数进行瞬态气动加热-温度场耦合计算只进行2次气动加热计算,壁面温度预测误差在2.5%以内,可有效提高气动加热-温度场耦合计算的效率.