Influence of the interaction between light intensity and CO2 concentration on productivity and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in fully controlled environment

The effects of the factorial combination of two light intensities (200 and 800 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and two CO₂ concentrations (360 and 800 ppm) were studied on the productivity and nutritional quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under controlled environment. After 6 weeks within a growth chamber, spinach plants were sampled and analyzed for productivity and quality. There were no statistically significant interactions between the effects of light and CO₂ for all of the variables studied, except for the nitrate and oxalic acid content of the leaves. High light and high CO₂ independently one from the other, promoted spinach productivity, and the accumulation of ascorbic acid, while their interactive effect limited the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid in the spinach leaves. The results highlight the importance of considering the effects of the interaction among environmental variables on maximizing production and the nutritional quality of the food when cultivating and modeling the plant response in controlled environment systems such as for bioregenerative life support.     

三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算研究

对热解型碳化复合材料三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算关键技术进行了研究。采用碳化层—热解面—原始材料层模型,将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过有限元法建立移动边界条件下温度场求解方程组,采用Gauss Seidel迭代法计算热解气体质量流量和温度场。同时,研究和分析了三维烧蚀移动边界处理方法以及动网格生成方法。由于每个时间步都需要网格重划,烧蚀热防护数值计算对存储效率和计算效率要求较高,本文研究了内部热响应计算中影响存储效率和计算效率的主要因素,并提出了相应的压缩存储方案和求解方案。计算结果表明,移动边界处理方法准确合理;存储方案的存储效率较高;保持刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵正定对称性可以加快温度场计算的收敛速度。     

微重力下球形贮箱内液体晃动有限元模拟

以卫星球形贮箱为研究对象,用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)法建立了数学模型,给出了计算的基本方程,并基于MSC-Dytran有限元程序,对常重力和微重力环境中贮箱内推进剂的晃动进行了数值模拟。结果表明,微重力环境中液体更易发生大幅晃动,甚至产生飞溅,工程中常用的等效力学模型已不再适用,而有限元数值模拟方法可较好地解决该问题,为卫星及大充液复杂结构航天器控制系统的设计和分析提供理论参考。     

基于ADRC的航空发动机限制保护器设计

发动机限制保护器在航空发动机运行过程中对特定的被限制量进行实时监控,在其超出安全范围时实施限制,实现对航空发动机的保护.将自抗扰技术用于限制保护控制器设计,利用自抗扰控制器的扩张观测器,动态估计未知扰动和系统特性,对实际控制量进行反馈补偿,实现超限后的快速保护,提高了发动机的安全性.仿真结果表明:所设计的自抗扰限制保护控制器能将超限偏差有效转化为对主回路指令的修正,综合控制系统响应速度快,达到了限制保护的目的.     

热控涂层搭载飞行试验进展综述

文章对国内外航天器热控涂层在轨搭载飞行试验进行了调研,综述了利用和平号空间站、＂国际空间站＂、美国航天飞机、＂长期暴露装置＂等航天器进行的相关试验工作及主要的研究成果等。在此基础上提出了我国开展热控涂层搭载飞行试验的建议。     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.     

基于STFT的最大预示环境波形重构新方法

振动过程的最大预示环境(MEE)是指在某个关心的结构区域内,通过测量或预示手段获得的以谱形式表示的振动环境数据保守极限。然而,很多振动试验方法,特别是用振动台模拟低频瞬态环境时(低于100 Hz),需要给出试验信号的参考波形。文章结合振动模拟试验及短时傅里叶变换(STFT)时频分析,提出一种振动过程最大预示波形(MEW)的重构新方法。数值仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,使用新方法重构的MEW误差更小,且试验控制更加灵活、高效,更适合于工程应用。     

基于场景定义的电磁环境模拟系统设计

电磁环境的模拟是开展电磁环境效应研究的基础。针对电磁环境逼真构建的问题,基于面向受体实时生成与场景定义相一致的电磁环境的设计思想,提出了一种电磁环境模拟系统设计方法。给出了系统结构框架、场景定义设计和电磁信号生成设计,并对系统实现的关键技术进行了分析。场景定义单元通过对实体、信号环境、行为的编辑实现电磁环境场景自定义,并驱动信号生成单元;信号生成单元采用软件无线电思想,基于预定义场景进行信号模拟,产生真实信号环境。     

复杂电磁环境量化分级研究综述

对复杂电磁环境进行分类分级研究是认识电磁环境的基础,建立一套对其准确描述的量化表征方法,对精确制导武器的研制、部队训练与演习等具有重要意义。分析了国内外对复杂电磁环境量化分级的研究现状,指出当前量化方法在指导实践中存在的问题,最后提出了基于干扰调制与干扰强度指标的量化表征方法。     

以网络输出为导向的任务型教学在大学英语听说课程的实施与反思

本文阐述了基于以网络输出为导向的任务型教学模式的基本定义、特点,教学步骤和设计理念。通过讨论此教学模式在大学英语听说教学中的应用,总结和反思教学实践,证明基于网络环境下以输出为导向的任务型教学是一种行之有效的教学模式,能切实有效地优化英语听说课堂教学。