Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

网络环境下的知识产权保护

网络的发展推进了人类信息化进程。但网络也给知识产权的保护带来了难题。文章通过对网络环境下知识产权保护的诸多问题的讨论及其所使用法律法规的分析 ,从而提出了对其进行保护的措施。     

虚拟战场环境中直升机自主飞行仿真

虚拟战场环境在部队训练和武器系统评估中正在发挥越来越大的作用。虚拟战场环境中除了人在回路中的武器仿真器外，还存在大量计算机生成的自主运动的虚拟武器平台。以直升机为研究对象，考虑直升机作战环境与运用特点，对直升机在地形约束下的自主飞行进行了仿真。应用结果表明，利用此方法可以在虚拟战场环境中实现虚拟直升机的逼真运动。     

飞机容冰技术的研究进展

回顾了国内外在飞机结冰方面的研究情况。在此基础上．介绍了近年来国外在飞机容冰技术研究中的最新设想——智能防冰系统(SIS)，对SIS研究中涉及的结冰气动模型进行了探讨，从飞行安全角度出发．给出了SIS中结冰飞行包线保护系统的基本原理及实现方法。     

动力涡轮驱动部分闭式环控系统性能研究

提出了飞机动力涡轮驱动部分闭式环控系统的参数计算关系式，对该系统参数进行了优化计算；针对该系统所特有的参数进行了讨论和分析；并在系统引气量、冲压空气流量、系统重量、系统性能代偿损失等方面与现有高压除水系统进行了比较。结果表明，这种系统在性能上优于现有高压除水环控系统。     

A space radiation shielding model of the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE)

The 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft was launched towards Mars on April 7, 2001. Onboard the spacecraft is the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE), which is designed to measure the background radiation environment due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar protons in the 20–500 MeV/n energy range. We present an approach for developing a space radiation-shielding model of the spacecraft that includes the MARIE instrument in the current mapping phase orientation. A discussion is presented describing the development and methodology used to construct the shielding model. For a given GCR model environment, using the current MARIE shielding model and the high-energy particle transport codes, dose rate values are compared with MARIE measurements during the early mapping phase in Mars orbit. The results show good agreement between the model calculations and the MARIE measurements as presented for the March 2002 dataset.     

多媒体课件写作环境MCAE的设计与实现

ＭＣＡＥ是一个基于多媒体数据库的课件写作环境，它以多媒体数据库为基础并在其上建立一组开发工具形成的一个开放的，集成化的课件开发环境，开发工具主要有写作工具、查询导航工具，数据输入输出工具等。     

某载人试验舱环境控制系统加湿器的研制

介绍了一种用于环境模拟试验系统的加湿器，并详细描述了其工作原理和设备能力的确定方法。该加湿器可用于压力环境下湿度的精确控制。     

有机硅热控涂层在模拟空间环境下的原位性能

研究了热控涂层在地面模拟空间环境下的性能变化：原位测定了紫外、电子辐照过程中热控涂层的性能变化；考察了K2SiO3包覆ZnO情况对涂层性能的影响；用扫描电镜（SEM）对辐照前后涂层表面微观形貌的变化进行了观察。结果表明，无论是缩合型的硅树脂还是加成型硅橡胶，在加入ZnO填料后，耐紫外辐照的能力都有明显的提高；不同种类涂层在真空紫外辐照作用下表现出不同规律。硅酸钾包覆ZnO对于有机硅树脂和加成型硅橡胶作基料的热控涂层影响也不同。加成型硅橡胶制备得到的热控涂层有非常优异的抗电子辐照性能。