Ground-Based Cloud Using Exponential Entropy/Exponential Gray Entropy and UPSO

Objective and accurate classification model or method of cloud image is a prerequisite for accurate weather monitoring and forecast. Thus safety of aircraft taking off and landing and air flight can be guaranteed. Thresholding is a kind of simple and effective method of cloud classification. It can realize automated ground-based cloud detection and cloudage observation. The existing segmentation methods based on fixed threshold and single threshold cannot achieve good segmentation effect. Thus it is difficult to obtain the accurate result of cloud detection and cloudage observation. In view of the above-mentioned problems, multi-thresholding methods of ground-based cloud based on exponential entropy/exponential gray entropy and uniform searching particle swarm optimization （UPSO） are proposed. Exponential entropy and exponential gray entropy make up for the defects of undefined value and zero value in Shannon entropy. In addition, exponential gray entropy reflects the relative uniformity of gray levels within the cloud cluster and background cluster. Cloud regions and background regions of different gray level ranges can be distinguished more precisely using the multi-thresholding strategy. In order to reduce computational complexity of original exhaustive algorithm for multi-threshold selection, the UPSO algorithm is adopted. It can find the optimal thresholds quickly and accurately. As a result, the real-time processing of segmentation of groundbased cloud image can be realized. The experimental results show that, in comparison with the existing groundbased cloud image segmentation methods and multi-thresholding method based on maximum Shannon entropy, the proposed methods can extract the boundary shape, textures and details feature of cloud more clearly. Therefore, the accuracies of cloudage detection and morphology classification for ground-based cloud are both improved.     

模型的稀疏选择与参数辨识及应用

基于正则化技术的稀疏成分分析方法可同时完成模型选择和参数估计功能。现分别从迭代算法的设计和对应岭估计的构造两方面切入,研究正则化函数的选取及特点,并深入分析其模型参数辨识的机理,说明正则化参数与广义岭估计的最佳岭参数的耦合性。该方法可操作性强,可保证参数迭代的收敛性,对于正则化函数的构造和参数估计的统计特性分析均有规则可循。缺项多项式和制导工具误差系数求解的数值例子表明,该方法具有有效的一体化模型选择和参数估计功能。     

航空运输业排放环境影响评估研究

利用ICAO发动机排放数据库构建了航空运输业排放环境外部成本测算模型,并选取首都国际机场等6个国际机场作为实证研究的对象,测算了其2008年排放产生的环境外部成本,可以看出中国机场普遍存在着显著的排放环境外部成本。同时,针对中国航空运输业的发展现状,提出了通过实施排放权交易制度将中国航空运输业环境外部成本内部化的政策建议。研究成果可用于中国航空运输业排放环境外部成本的测算和治理。     

Scatter factor confidence interval estimate of least square maximum entropy quantile function for small samples

Classic maximum entropy quantile function method (CMEQFM) based on the probabil-ity weighted moments (PWMs) can accurately estimate the quantile function of random variable on small samples, but inaccurately on the very small samples. To overcome this weakness, least square maximum entropy quantile function method (LSMEQFM) and that with constraint condition (LSMEQFMCC) are proposed. To improve the confidence level of quantile function estimation, scatter factor method is combined with maximum entropy method to estimate the confidence inter-val of quantile function. From the comparisons of these methods about two common probability distributions and one engineering application, it is showed that CMEQFM can estimate the quan-tile function accurately on the small samples but inaccurately on the very small samples (10 sam-ples); LSMEQFM and LSMEQFMCC can be successfully applied to the very small samples;with consideration of the constraint condition on quantile function, LSMEQFMCC is more stable and computationally accurate than LSMEQFM; scatter factor confidence interval estimation method based on LSMEQFM or LSMEQFMCC has good estimation accuracy on the confidence interval of quantile function, and that based on LSMEQFMCC is the most stable and accurate method on the very small samples (10 samples).     

The entropy in groups – a clue to galaxy formation

The entropy in the hot X-ray gas in groups of galaxies is a fossil of the process of galaxy formation The amount of entropy in these low mass systems considerably exceeds that predicted from structure formation models. To explain these results requires “extra” energy which is a relic of the process of star formation and active galaxy heating. We present new XMM results on the entropy and entropy profiles. These results are inconsistent with pre-heating scenarios which have been developed to explain the entropy floor in groups but are broadly consistent with models of structure formation which include the effects of heating and/or the cooling of the gas. The total entropy in these systems provides a strong constraint on all models of galaxy and group formation, and on the poorly defined feedback process which controls the transformation of gas into stars and thus the formation of structure in the universe.     

均方意义下三维雷达无偏转换测量误差协方差阵的推导

在以前的研究中,无偏转测量误差协方差阵是基于当前测量值得到的.为了能利用所有历史数据以得到更精确的转换测量误差协方差阵估计,文中在均方意义下,推导了三维雷达的最优无偏转换测量误差协方差阵.     

基于距离代价函数和信息熵的发动机性能参数估计研究

研究发动机部件性能参数变化规律,对于减少维修次数和推动视情维修具有重要意义。针对测量参数个数少于待估性能参数的情况,给出了一种通过构建代价函数和优化算法的参数估计方法。原代价函数只考虑当前点参数,缺少与前面点参数的联系,因此结合自组织神经网络,构造了包含以前与当前点参数的距离代价函数。并提出了一种快速的参数估计方法。由于准确的部件性能参数很难获取,并且参数趋势估计不同于单纯的点估计问题,以对应的测量参数为基础,利用信息熵方法评定部件性能参数估计效果。进一步得到距离代价函数对应的参数信息熵为0.6805,优于原代价函数的估计结果。最后通过实例验证了参数估计方法的有效性。      

Reliability analysis based on a novel density estimation method for structures with correlations

Estimating the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the performance function is a direct way for structural reliability analysis,and the failure probability can be easily obtained by integration in the failure domain.However,efficiently estimating the PDF is still an urgent problem to be solved.The existing fractional moment based maximum entropy has provided a very advanced method for the PDF estimation,whereas the main shortcoming is that it limits the application of the reliability analysis method only to structures with independent inputs.While in fact,structures with correlated inputs always exist in engineering,thus this paper improves the maximum entropy method,and applies the Unscented Transformation (UT) technique to compute the frac tional moments of the performance function for structures with correlations,which is a very efficient moment estimation method for models with any inputs.The proposed method can precisely estimate the probability distributions of performance functions for structures with correlations.Besides,the number of function evaluations of the proposed method in reliability analysis,which is determined by UT,is really small.Several examples are employed to illustrate the accuracy and advantages of the proposed method.     

非高斯杂波协方差矩阵估计新方法

针对雷达目标自适应检测中的复合高斯杂波协方差矩阵估计问题,提出了 一种基于杂波分组的约束迭代估计方法。该方法在迭代过程中有效利用所有辅助数据,并对 最终得到的估计矩阵进行关于迹的约束。在估计的杂波分组大小与实际情况匹配的条件下, 约束迭代估计方法的估计精度与杂波功率水平无关。仿真实验表明,所提出的方法对不同的 杂波分组大小失配情况具有很好的鲁棒性;与已有的两种协方差矩阵估计方法相比,约束迭 代估计方法能极大的提高估计精度,加快迭代过程的收敛速率,且计算量更小。
     

基于NMF、ICA和复Contourlet变换的红外小目标检测

针对存在背景干扰和噪声情况下的红外弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解(NMF)、独立分量分析(ICA)和复Contourlet变换的检测方法。首先通过非负矩阵分解和独立分量分析分别抑制原始图像的背景,得到不同的小目标残差图像;接着采用复Contourlet变换对残差图像进行去噪;再对上述去噪后的小目标残差图像求和,得到了预处理图像;最后提出基于模糊灰度熵阈值选取方法分割预处理图像,从而实现了复杂背景下的红外弱小目标检测。针对红外小目标图像进行了大量实验,并与基于新型Top-hat变换、基于快速独立分量分析的目标检测方法进行了比较,结果表明所提出的方法抗噪性强,具有更为优越的检测性能。