基于EEMD-Hilbert谱的涡街流量计尾迹振荡特性

为了研究涡街流量计尾迹振荡特征,采用集总经验模态分解(EEMD)-Hilbert谱方法,对测量介质为空气、流量范围为10.58~220 m~3/h的涡街流量计管壁差压信号进行处理,首先用EEMD方法对管壁差压信号进行分解,得到固有模态分量,然后对分解后的各个分量进行Hilbert变换,得到Hilbert谱和边际谱,进而提取管壁差压信号的旋涡脱落频率。比较了Fourier变换与EEMD-Hilbert谱方法在信号去噪和频率提取方面的性能。结果表明:EEMD-Hilbert谱方法可有效去除叠加在实际涡街成分之中的噪声,能够较完整保留尾迹振荡的固有成分;在流量较低时,EEMD-Hilbert谱方法对尾迹振荡频率的提取精度比Fourier变换高30%以上,有效拓展了涡街流量计的测量下限;通过计算能量比,揭示了EEMD-Hilbert谱方法提高频率提取精度的原因,即EEMD-Hilbert谱方法降低了信噪比;Hilbert谱直观表示信号的时间-频率-能量关系。     

基于改进极限学习机的光谱定量建模方法

依据近红外光谱(NIR)产生原理,提出了粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)算法,运用于小样本氨水浓度定量分析。通过优化极限学习机(ELM)隐藏节点参数,解决了极限学习机由于输入权值和隐含层偏差随机产生的建模结果具有随机性的问题,提高了预测模型的稳定性、精确度和泛化性能。经实验验证,优化后的PSO-ELM相比ELM,模型预测集均方根误差由0.01166减小至0.00322,预测集相关系数由0.9951提高至0.9979。将优化后的模型预测结果与支持向量机(SVM)、BP神经网络算法等传统方法的建模结果进行对比,优化后的PSO-ELM算法具有较高的精确度和良好的泛化性能,模型预测效果优于传统的定量回归分析算法。     

Imaginary filtered hindsight experience replay for UAV tracking dynamic targets in large-scale unknown environments

As an advanced combat weapon, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in military wars. In this paper, we formulated the Autonomous Navigation Control (ANC) problem of UAVs as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and proposed a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) method to allow UAVs to perform dynamic target tracking tasks in large-scale unknown environments. To solve the problem of limited training experience, the proposed Imaginary Filtered Hindsight Experience Replay (IFHER) generates successful episodes by reasonably imagining the target trajectory in the failed episode to augment the experiences. The well-designed goal, episode, and quality filtering strategies ensure that only high-quality augmented experiences can be stored, while the sampling filtering strategy of IFHER ensures that these stored augmented experiences can be fully learned according to their high priorities. By training in a complex environment constructed based on the parameters of a real UAV, the proposed IFHER algorithm improves the convergence speed by 28.99% and the convergence result by 11.57% compared to the state-of-the-art Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm. The testing experiments carried out in environments with different complexities demonstrate the strong robustness and generalization ability of the IFHER agent. Moreover, the flight trajectory of the IFHER agent shows the superiority of the learned policy and the practical application value of the algorithm.     

基于深度强化学习的无人机栖落机动控制策略设计

无人机栖落机动飞行是一种无需跑道的降落方法，能够提升无人机在复杂环境下执行任务的适应能力。针对具有高非线性、多约束特性的无人机栖落机动过程，提出了一种基于模仿深度强化学习的控制策略设计方法。首先，建立了固定翼无人机栖落机动的纵向非线性动力学模型，并设计了无人机栖落机动的强化学习环境。其次，针对栖落机动状态动作空间大的特点，为了提高探索效率，通过模仿专家经验的方法对系统进行预训练。然后，以模仿学习得到的权重为基础，采用近端策略优化方法学习构建无人机栖落机动的神经网络控制器。最后，通过仿真验证了上述控制策略设计方法的有效性。     

一种无人机自主避障与目标追踪方法

针对无人机自主避障与目标追踪问题，以深度Q网络(DQN)算法为基础，提出一种多经验池深度Q网络(MP DQN)算法，使无人机避障与追踪的成功率和算法的收敛性得到优化。更进一步，赋予无人机环境感知能力，并在奖励函数中设计了方向奖惩函数，提升了无人机对环境的泛化能力以及算法的整体性能。仿真结果表明，相较于DQN和双重DQN(DDQN)算法，MP DQN算法具有更快的收敛速度、更短的追踪路径和更强的环境适应性。     

Force measurement using strain-gauge balance in shock tunnel based on deep learning

When a force test is conducted in a shock tunnel, vibration of the Force Measurement System (FMS) is excited under the strong flow impact, and it cannot be attenuated rapidly within the extremely short test duration of milliseconds order. The output signal of the force balance is coupled with the aerodynamic force and the inertial vibration. This interference can result in inaccurate force measurements, which can negatively impact the accuracy of the test results. To eliminate inertial vibration interference from the output signal, proposed here is a dynamic calibration modeling method for an FMS based on deep learning. The signal is processed using an intelligent Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model in the time domain and an intelligent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in the frequency domain. Results processed with the intelligent models show that the inertial vibration characteristics of the FMS can be identified efficiently and its main frequency is about 380 Hz. After processed by the intelligent models, the inertial vibration is mostly eliminated from the output signal. Also, the data processing results are subjected to error analysis. The relative error of each component is about 1%, which verifies that the modeling method based on deep learning has considerable engineering application value in data processing for pulse-type strain-gauge balances. Overall, the proposed dynamic calibration modeling method has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of force measurements in shock tunnel tests, which could have significant implications for the field of aerospace engineering.     

考虑移动目标不确定行为方式的轨迹预测方法

针对现有方法难以预测出符合飞行移动目标不确定行为方式轨迹的问题,提出基于逆强化学习的飞行移动目标轨迹预测方法,通过学习目标行为偏好以及模拟目标行为决策过程的方式预测目标的移动轨迹。首先基于深度神经网络建立目标的行为决策模型与行为偏好模型,然后通过最大熵逆强化学习方法交替地学习模型参数。为了有效地学习目标的不确定行为特征,采用监督学习的方法学习出目标示例轨迹概率分布模型,用于指导目标行为偏好模型的训练以及初始化目标行为决策模型,同时通过对目标行为偏好模型进行预训练的方式提高其训练质量。仿真结果表明,提出的飞行移动目标轨迹预测方法可通过学习到的目标行为决策模型较为准确地模拟目标的行为方式,预测的目标轨迹分布与真实的目标轨迹分布在Kullback Leibler(KL)散度下的相似度可达0.24。     

基于深度学习的非合作航天器姿态估计

针对空间非合作航天器姿态测量时受光照和地球背景影响大的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的端到端姿态估计方法.在该方法中,主干网络采用AlexNet与ResNet.首先,移除主干网络末端的全连接层,并列连接3个全连接层,采用三分支网络分别对姿态角进行估计.然后,设计了将分类问题与回归问题相结合的损失函数,通过分类方法将姿态估计限定在某一范围内,再使用回归方法进一步微调姿态.姿态分类损失函数确定姿态角度基准点,姿态回归损失函数对估计角度进行微调.相较于仅采用回归方法进行姿态估计,此方法能够有效减小姿态估计平均绝对误差、标准差与最大误差.实验对比了不同主干网络的测量精度,平均绝对误差在0.376°～0.746°之间,最优标准差为0.474°.     

基于深度学习的发动机叶片故障检测技术

为了解决航空发动机叶片故障检测中存在的检测精度欠佳、检测效率不高的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的目标检测方法。针对小样本数据集检测精度低、模型训练速度慢等问题,对Faster R-CNN目标检测算法进行结构优化,引入Res2Net结构,通过分割串联的策略强化残差模块的卷积学习能力,搭建了细粒级的多尺度残差模型Res2Net-50,以提升模型的特征提取能力。同时,在网络的训练过程中,采用多次余弦退火衰减法对学习率进行调整,以加快模型的训练速度,提升模型的训练质量。针对航空发动机叶片裂纹和缺损2种故障类型进行网络训练与检测试验,试验结果表明:优化后的模型识别准确率提高了0.7%,模型的平均检测精度提高了1.8%,训练时间缩短了5.56%,取得了比较好的检测效果。     

Rotating machinery fault detection and diagnosis based on deep domain adaptation: A survey

In practical mechanical fault detection and diagnosis, it is difficult and expensive to collect enough large-scale supervised data to train deep networks. Transfer learning can reuse the knowledge obtained from the source task to improve the performance of the target task, which performs well on small data and reduces the demand for high computation power. However, the detection performance is significantly reduced by the direct transfer due to the domain difference. Domain adaptation (DA) can transfer the distribution information from the source domain to the target domain and solve a series of problems caused by the distribution difference of data. In this survey, we review various current DA strategies combined with deep learning (DL) and analyze the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. We also summarize the application of DA combined with DL in the field of fault diagnosis. This paper provides a summary of the research results and proposes future work based on analysis of the key technologies.