Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

增强立尾效益的主动流动控制

本文叙述和讨论了某些增强立尾效益的主动流动控制（AFC）技术的研究。在NASA ERA项目支持下Rensselaer学院完成了4%和5%缩比立尾模型的合成射流AFC风洞试验,加州理工学院完成了14%缩比立尾模型的振荡射流AFC风洞试验,后者表明当动量系数为1.7%时可获50%的侧向力增量。基于将上述两种AFC技术集成于飞机系统的可行性研究,Boeing在Ames NFAC（40 ft×80 ft风洞）完成了B-757全尺寸立尾风洞模型试验,在风速为100 knots,方向舵偏角为30°和侧滑角为0°与-7.5°下,得出采用31个振荡射流激振器可获得20%侧向力增量。NASA ERA项目组与Boeing共同努力在2015年春实现了装有31个振荡射流激振器的B-757 ecoDemonstrator飞行试验。飞行员反馈和13%~16%侧向力增量的飞行试验初步分析结果表明了振荡射流AFC技术的成功。     

基于差分和局部积分均值的EMD算法

针对经验模态分解中无法分离频率相近信号的问题,提出一种新的经验模态分解算法。该算法将局部积分均值的"筛分"算法和差分经验模态分解算法的思想结合在一起。仿真结果表明,该算法的频率分辨率比基于局部积分均值的经验模态分解算法要高,分解效率要比基于差分的经验模态分解算法要高,同时在一定程度上抑制了边界效应。     

合成射流激励器增强同向燃气-氧气掺混数值模拟及机理研究

建立了将合成射流激励器腔体、出口喉道及外部受控流场作为单连域计算处理的全流场计算模型(X L模型)。基于此计算模型,对合成射流激励器增强同向燃气 氧气掺混的流场进行了数值仿真和机理研究。研究表明,应用合成射流激励器可以显著增强同向燃气/氧气的掺混,其主要控制机理是合成射流激励器对同向燃气/氧气流起到流动方向控制作用,使两侧两股氧气平行射流向内发生偏转,从而大大缩短了每股射流的核心区长度;同时,激励器工作改变和加强了射流出口附近的涡结构,通过涡结构的强对流作用极大地增强了燃气/氧气平行射流在出口附近的混合。     

Nonlinear mixture model of mixed pixels in remote sensing satellite images based on Monte Carlo simulation

A nonlinear mixture model for the interpretation of mixed pixels in remote sensing satellite images is proposed. The proposed model is a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model that takes into account interactions among the ground cover materials (multiple reflections among the materials on the surface). The proposed model also takes into account topographic features (slope) of the ground surface. As an example, Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) radiance of mixed pixels of forested areas which are composed of grasses and trees are simulated with the proposed model and compared to actual remote sensing satellite data of ASTER/VNIR over these forested areas. It was found that the influence due to multiple scattering interactions between trees depends on the tree distance and ranges from 8% to 10%. It is also found that the proposed model is useful to interpret mixed pixels. Namely, it is suggested that actual reflectance of the trees is higher than apparent reflectance that is calculated with the satellite data. Also it is suggested that it is possible to estimate forest parameters such as tree distance, tree shape.     

高对流Mach数三维混合层转捩特性分析及小激波结构模拟

采用空间大涡模拟方法对超/超混合、超/亚混合两类三维可压缩平面混合层转捩及其全湍流流场进行了研究,认为混合层动量厚度饱和点可作为流场转捩完成的标志.计算所得到的线性扰动波激励下流场转捩拟序结构与随机扰动下自然失稳结构以及文献结果进行了比对,其结果是一致的,表明了引入线性扰动激励来研究流场转捩结构是合理的.同时,本文还在较高对流Mach数流动下得到了三维流场动态小激波结构,其分布具有非对称特性,且形状与实验及直接数值模拟结果相似.不同条件混合层转捩计算表明:高对流Mach数下混合层转捩以Λ涡结构的形成和发展为主导机制,受扰动及对流条件的影响Λ涡结构不尽相同,某些情况下流场出现二维与三维涡结构共存现象.充分发展湍流区域,流场脉动速度分量量级相同,湍流压缩效应随着对流Mach数提高而明显增强.     

斜坡增强混合的数值研究

采用隐式方法求解三维可压Ｎ－Ｓ方程及组分方程,数值模拟了后掠、无后掠斜坡的混合增强流场。比较了两种斜坡的混合增强效果及产生的流向涡量的强度。计算结果表明后掠斜坡产生流向涡的强度明显高于无后掠斜坡,其混合增强效果也更好。     

双过临界喷管充气混合装置

双过临界声速喷管充气混合装置能够快速、均匀地混合两种气体,其背压适用范围比临界声速喷管提高了４０％,性能良好,结构简单。经边界层修正、实态标定和色谱检验、混合效果良好。适用 种燃烧、爆轰实验的气体混合。     

磁性纳米颗粒对微槽道液体流动的混合增强作用

为了改进微流控芯片中液体混合效率,尝试在一种液体中加入磁性纳米颗粒,增强与另外一种液体混合.在外加磁场作用下,对Y型微槽道中磁性与非磁性液体流动混合进行了实验观测,所需混合长度较无磁场时缩短了约2个数量级.利用CFD软件进行数值模拟,验证了外磁场作用下纳米磁性液体对流动混合有着明显的强化作用.     

可压缩混合层密度梯度场特性的实验研究

利用纹影技术研究了不同对流马赫数(Mc=0.28,0.38,0.72)可压缩混合层密度梯度场的特性。由纹影图像可以看出:具有可压缩效应(高Mc数)的混合层存在不同程度的摆动。将纹影图像对比以后还发现:当Mc<0.3时,在可压缩混合层中发现了类似于Brown-Roshko的结构,混合层看不出明显的摆动;随着可压缩效应的增强(对流马赫数Mc>0.3),混合层开始摆动,并且随着对流马赫数的增大,混合层开始摆动位置向前移动。此外,还观察到不同对流马赫数下大尺度结构出现的区域有不同的特点。