基于特征造型技术的涡轮叶片参数化设计

针对航空发动机涡轮气冷叶片的结构特点,提出了叶片参数化建模的特征分类形式.然后,利用特征造型技术开发涡轮叶片的参数化设计系统;并以直背涡轮叶片为具体实例阐述了该参数化模块的开发过程,为航空发动机典型结构件的参数化奠定了基础.      

应用气动谐振的气氧、煤油点火器的方案研究

为了实现液体推进剂火箭发动机的多次可靠起动,将气动谐振点火技术应用于气氧煤油的点火.提出了两种应用气动谐振的气氧煤油点火器方案:直接点火方案和间接点火方案.在直接点火方案中对气氧与煤油同轴喷入和煤油由顶部喷入两种不同的点火方式进行了分析比较.在间接点火方案中对点火火炬为富燃和富氧两种情况进行了对比分析.试验研究表明两种方案均实现了多次可靠的点火并生成了稳定的点火火炬.通过对两种方案的优缺点、工程上应用的技术可行性和存在的技术难点的分析,认为富燃情况的间接点火方案具有明显的优势并有望在短期内达到工程应用要求.      

国外复合材料推力室技术研究进展

介绍了国外姿控轨控发动机复合材料推力室研究进展，包括推力室复合材料性能、复合材料推力室成形工艺、复合材料推力室连接技术。与难熔金属推力室相比，它具有密度低、使用温度高、无需冷却等优点，可大幅度减轻发动机结构质量，提高发动机比冲，在国外姿控轨控发动机上得到广泛应用。     

一种多热力循环组合发动机进气道设计方案

针对马赫数0~6的预冷涡轮+冲压组合多热力循环发动机的宽范围工作要求，提出了一种在马赫数2~6范围内流量系数为1.0的宽范围轴对称进气道变几何调节方案，通过中心锥与分流板的协同平移运动，可在满足涡轮与冲压两通道流量分配要求的同时，实现两通道压缩量的匹配调节。对起始半锥角分别为20°和13°的两种变几何进气道方案开展了设计与对比研究。结果表明：起始半锥角对最终方案设计影响最大，起始半锥角为13°的进气道方案较起始半锥角为20°的方案，冲压通道和涡轮通道在来流马赫数为6时临界总压恢复分别提高了16%和14%，最大迎风面积减小了12.4%，但中心锥和分流板平移调节距离分别增加84%和91%。     

液体火箭发动机喷管流动特性及高度补偿研究进展

喷管作为液体火箭发动机产生推力的重要组件之一,其内部存在的复杂流动现象对发动机性能具有重要影响,本文综述了该领域的相关研究进展。传统喷管在过膨胀状态下会产生自由激波和受限激波两种分离模式,其非定常、非对称性给发动机带来严重的侧向载荷,也造成流动预测较为困难。采用凹坑或涡轮废气主动射流等方式能够避免受限激波分离的出现,抑制侧向载荷,但却无法对喷管损失的性能进行有效补偿。通过对传统喷管的创新设计,高度补偿喷管不仅能够有效控制管内流动,还能在不同程度上提升发动机性能。然而,高度补偿喷管形式众多、各有所长,工程应用应谨慎决策。此外,各种形式的高度补偿喷管内仍旧存在激波/边界层干扰、分离、回流等不利的流动现象,亟待对其开展深入研究。     

Operation of a Rotary-valved Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Utilizing Liquid-kerosene and Oxygen

The pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE) requires periodic supply of oxidizer, fuel and purge gas. A rotary-valve assembly is fabricated to control the periodic supply in this research. Oxygen and liquid aviation kerosene are used as oxidizer and fuel respectively. An ordinary automobile spark plug, with ignition energy as low as 50 mJ, is used to initiate combustion. Steady operation of the PDRE is achieved with operating frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. Experimentally measured pressure is lower than theoretical value by 13% at 1 Hz and 37% at 10 Hz, and there also exists a velocity deficit at different operating frequencies. Both of these two phenomena are believed mainly due to droplet size which depends on atomization and vaporiza-tion of liquid fuel.     

VAATE计划下的革新性发动机

通用的经济可承受的先进涡轮发动机（VAATE）研究计划是继综合高性能涡轮发动机技术研究计划之后．由美国国防部、国家航空航天局、能源部和工业界联合制定、于2003年开始部分实施、2005年开始全面实施的一项技术研究计划。综述了由美官产学机构正在联合开发和验证的一些革新性发动机概念,如高速涡轮发动机、高马赫数涡轮发动机和自...     

BFBEST知识库生成系统设计技术

本文介绍了医学专家系统开发工具BFBEST的知识库生成系统设计技术。包括:(1)灵活友好的用户接口,(2)帮助用户避免输入知识时的语法和语义错误;(3)允许用户用领域规范化形式的知识与系统对话,输入知识;(4)具有事务薄记功能;(5)具有对知识库进行增、删、改的能力;(6)能对输入知识进行完整性和一致性的检查;(7)能将知识的机内表示复原成规范化的形式;(8)具有传授式的部分自动获取知识的功能。 BFBEST开发机是在IBM-PC机上用Turbo-Prolog语言实现的。它实用性强、智能化程度高,能用来快速生成各种高性能的医学专家系统知识库。     

A new online modelling method for aircraft engine state space model

To overcome the drawbacks of current modelling method for aircraft engine state space model, a new method is introduced. The form of state space model is derived by using Talyor series to expand the nonlinear model that is implicit equations and involves many iterations. A partial derivative calculation method for iterations is developed to handle the influence of iterations on parameters. The derivative calculation and the aerothermodynamics calculations are combined in the component level model with fixed number Newton-Raphson (N-R) iterations. Mathematical derivation and simulations show the convergence ability of proposed method. Simulations show that comparing with the linear parameter varying model and centered difference based state space model, much higher accuracy of proposed online modelling method is achieved. The accuracy of the state space model built by proposed method can be maintained when the step amplitudes of inputs are within 2%, and the responses of the state space model can match those of the component level model when each input steps larger amplitudes. In addition, an online verification was carried out to show the capability of modelling at any operating point and that state space model can predict future outputs accurately. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.     

Utilisation of turboelectric distribution propulsion in commercial aviation: A review on NASA’s TeDP concept

Emissions produced by the aviation industry are currently a severe environmental threat; therefore, aviation agencies and governments have set emission targets and formulated plans to restrict emissions within the next decade. Hybrid aircraft technology is being considered to meet these targets. The importance of these technologies lies in their advancements in terms of aircraft life cycles and environmental benignity. Owing to these advancements, hybrid electric systems with more than one power source have become promising for the aviation industry, considering that the growth of air traffic is projected to double in the next decade. Hybrid technologies have given future hybrid fans and motor-fan engines potential as alternative power generators. Herein, Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) is discussed in terms of power distribution and power sources. The fundamentals of turbofan and turboshaft engines are presented along with their electricity-generation mechanism. TeDP is discussed from a design viewpoint, with a detailed discussion of different types of hybrid electric and turboelectric systems. Examples of proposed TeDP aircraft models and numerical modelling tools used to simulate the performance of TeDP models are reviewed. Finally, innovative turboelectric systems in which electric power savers and mechanical gear changers have been discarded for weight optimisation are presented along with other prospective models, engines, approaches, and architectures. The findings of this review indicate the knowledge gaps in the field of numerical modelling for NASA’s TeDP and its capability to increase the efficiency by up to 24% with a 50% reduction in emissions relative to those of conventional gas turbines.