Energy flux in the Earth's magnetosphere: Storm – substorm relationship

Three ways of the energy transfer in the Earth's magnetosphere are studied. The solar wind MHD generator is an unique energy source for all magnetospheric processes. Field-aligned currents directly transport the energy and momentum of the solar wind plasma to the Earth's ionosphere. The magnetospheric lobe and plasma sheet convection generated by the solar wind is another magnetospheric energy source. Plasma sheet particles and cold ionospheric polar wind ions are accelerated by convection electric field. After energetic particle precipitation into the upper atmosphere the solar wind energy is transferred into the ionosphere and atmosphere. This way of the energy transfer can include the tail lobe magnetic field energy storage connected with the increase of the tail current during the southward IMF. After that the magnetospheric substorm occurs. The model calculations of the magnetospheric energy give possibility to determine the ground state of the magnetosphere, and to calculate relative contributions of the tail current, ring current and field-aligned currents to the magnetospheric energy. The magnetospheric substorms and storms manifest that the permanent solar wind energy transfer ways are not enough for the covering of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere. Nonlinear explosive processes are necessary for the energy transmission into the ionosphere and atmosphere. For understanding a relation between substorm and storm it is necessary to take into account that they are the concurrent energy transferring ways. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

采用串列静电加速器进行单粒子效应模拟试验研究

本文描述了采用ＨＩ－１３串列静电加速器进行单粒子效应模拟试验的试验系数、试验方法和试验条件，给出了８０Ｃ３１单片机单粒子效应模拟试验结果；根据试验结果，采用ＣＲＥＭＥ程序对８０Ｃ３１单片机在三类不同轨道卫星上的单粒子翻转率进行了预计。     

高速自旋飞行体的气动加热特性

一种典型的弹箭类高速自旋飞行体为例,选取目标在超声速、跨声速、亚声速飞行状态下的弹道计算数据作为来流条件,结合滑移网格和多坐标系法,采用基于密度的耦合隐式算法、Roe-FDS(flux difference splitting)通量格式和SST(shear stress transfer) k -ω湍流模型,对飞行体的外流场进行了热流模拟研究。重点分析了目标在高速自旋飞行条件下的壁面压力、温度、气流密度、热流率、湍流动能等变化规律,并与不考虑飞行体高速自旋的流场进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:在高速自旋飞行条件下,飞行体表面的流线相互干扰,贴壁气流对飞行体产生的扰动更加剧烈,飞行体尾部的气流集聚效应明显,湍流发展与演化过程更加复杂,飞行体壁面的气流速度、压力、温度、热流率均高于无转速飞行情况,尤其在超声速飞行条件下的差异显著。     

基于能量耗散率的低速扩压叶栅损失研究

针对无化学反应和热流输入的叶栅有黏不可压流模型,推导出能量耗散率的组分分解式,根据叶栅流场仿真结果进行分析简化,得到由轴向涡量、轴向阻力和剪切力组成的能量耗散率分解式。结合总压损失,分析了耗散各组分在前缘损失、叶表损失和通道损失中的主导因素:轴向涡量项反映旋涡结构,在通道损失中占主要部分,集中在通道涡和分离面附近;轴向阻力项反映扩压和叶表边界层转折造成的流动损失,在前缘损失和叶表损失中占主要部分,集中在叶栅前部的叶表边界层和主流区;剪切力项反映轴向截面速度不均匀性,在叶栅后部的叶表损失和通道损失中占主要部分,集中在叶表、端壁边界层和分离面附近。旋涡结构和耗散各组分分布特征揭示了叶栅通道中旋涡结构与能量耗散之间的分布关系,分离区并不是主要能量耗散区,高能量耗散区主要分布在叶表边界层(叶栅前部由轴向阻力项主导,后部由剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项主导)、分离面附近(受剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项和轴向涡量项影响)。大攻角情况下,叶栅通道损失显著增加,正攻角促使轴向涡量项的增长点提前,负攻角则使得叶表边界层的速度剪切加剧。     

含裂纹铆接加筋板应力强度因子的计算

本文提出了选择复连通域边界(多环路)计算J积分的一种新方法,成功地解决了单连通域内有铆接点时计算J积分的问题。文中还提出了一种“虚设铆钉法”,采用这种方法,可利用同一网格有限元模型计算不同裂纹长度下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,这大大简化了模型准备工作并减少了计算结构总刚度矩阵的工作量。本文采用刚度导数法、J积分法及能量释放率法,计算了含裂纹铆接加筋板的应力强度因子,通过计算结果对比,对各种方法作了粗浅的评价。     

发动机整体多级转子盘深内腔加工技术

为了提高发动机的推重比和可靠性,目前大型航空发动机的风扇盘和压气机盘大多采用整体多级盘结构,整体锻件多级转子盘便是其中的一类。该盘重量轻、性能好,但其深内腔加工是一大技术难点。本文介绍了一种先进的深内腔加工方法和加工中应特别注意的问题,并提出了应用整体锻件机械加工整体多级转子,该转子不仅可以达到发动机结构减化和减重的目的,还可以利用现有设备加工,从而使我们免受诸如线性磨擦焊加工技术和设备等国外对我们在整体叶盘生产技术上的封锁和限制,为此,发动机整体多级转子盘深内腔加工技术应引起我国航空发动机行业相关人员的重视。     

Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Water scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems. As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production. The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes. The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.     

基于大涡模拟分析气膜冷却的湍流场

用大涡模拟考察了单孔平板气膜冷却的湍流场,气膜孔沿流向倾斜30°,气膜出流的雷诺数为2600,吹风比为0.5.计算结果表明:①气膜孔内的流动分离增加了湍流动能,导致气膜冷却效率的降低,在设计中要尽量避免或减少流动分离;②与射流侧向扩展有关的涡黏性系数在气膜孔两侧存在峰值,而采用各向同性的湍流模型预测气膜冷却时,涡黏性系数的峰值出现在射流与主流的剪切区,因此会高估射流的垂直穿透而低估射流的侧向扩展;③可以用大涡模拟辅助建立各向异性的湍流模型,以便提高湍流模型的预测精度.      

亚轨道飞行器能量管理段在线轨迹设计及仿真

对亚轨道飞行器能量管理段在线轨迹生成方案进行了研究。该方案将地面投影几何轨迹参数化,通过迭代计算参数生成标准轨迹,验证轨迹可行性并选择最优轨迹。经仿真验证,该方案能够在较短时间内完成轨迹的在线生成,结果满足进场着陆要求。     

硅集成电路老炼时间确定和寿命预计

文章基于阿列纽斯经验公式,利用相关标准中的数据,拟合得到硅集成电路老炼试验温度和时间的关系,根据这种关系可以确定在标准未规定的高温下硅集成电路的老炼时间,同时预计了硅集成电路的工作寿命。最后基于经典的温度应力加速试验模型进行了分析,并与前者进行了对比。