基于飞行签派员的航空公司运行效率提升研究

航空公司运行控制中心是航空公司的核心,而飞行签派员又是运行控制中心的核心,运行控制中心的 效率直接影响到航空公司的运行安全与效益。根据航空公司飞行签派员的特点和管理现状,对效率量化和效 率评估进行分析研究,采用改进层次分析法(AHP)和物元可拓模型相结合的方法,建立适合我国航空公司飞 行签派员运行效率评估模型;针对评价指标在实际情况下更具有针对性和可操作性,提出4项准则和16项指 标组成的基于签派员航空公司运行效率评价指标体系,并进行算例分析。结果表明:所构建的评价指标体系合 理有效,能够真实反映出航空公司的运行效率与飞行签派员、运控设备、AOC组织结构与工作环境和航空公司 管理规定有着密切联系,为公司运行效率的提升提出理论依据。     

基于分布式星群的全相参雷达低副瓣波束形成设计方法

不同于地面稀布阵相参阵列雷达,分布式星群平台具有高速运动特性,相应地全相参合成效率受限于星间的空时频同步误差、波束指向误差等系统误差约束。提出了一种基于分布式星群的全相参雷达低副瓣波束形成设计方法。首先,从星群系统规模、星间安全距离、远场条件、探测链路等因素入手推导了有效探测距离区间。接着,给出了同步误差、波束指向误差以及卫星高速运动特性对全相参合成效率的定量影响评估方法。最后,利用空时频多维联合方法实现了低副瓣稳健波束形成,可有效增加无模糊视场范围,适用于实际星群规模有限的应用场景。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

多变量全局寻优与智能优化在星座组网中的应用

顶层任务规划通常与星座组网紧密结合,小卫星分散灵活的特性尤其适用于星群规模化在轨运行。针对热点区域覆盖和全球覆盖的不同任务需求,提出了对构型多变量进行全局寻优和利用智能优化技术进行星座构型优化的方法,两种优化方法可分别获得小规模星群最优效能与超大型星群的较优效能。优化方法不受轨道类型和任务目标分布的约束,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

100 kWe级空间快堆核电源系统仿真平台开发与应用

空间核反应堆电源作为一种具有竞争力的空间电源方案,正逐渐受到关注及应用。本文针对一个100 kWe级锂冷快堆耦合布雷顿循环的空间堆核动力系统方案,修改了RELAP5程序中的物性程序、换热模型,程序中的中子动力学模块使用蒙特卡洛方法计算快堆物理参数与堆芯控制调节参数,由此集成并建立一个空间快堆核动力系统综合仿真平台,应用该平台对100 kWe级空间堆核动力系统进行了稳态模拟与事故分析。结果表明:在瞬态发生后系统各参数变化符合预期,验证了各部件及控制系统的功能性及有效性;同时,还初步进行了仿真平台用于100 kWe级空间反应堆核动力系统设备的设计优化的实践,为空间快堆设计与安全分析提供了技术储备。     

高效能源系统管理与控制技术

能源系统是飞行器的关键技术之一,能源系统性能的优劣对飞行器能否正常飞行及实现预定任务有重要影响。本文针对大功率飞行器对分布式循环能源系统的管理需求,开展高效能源系统管理与控制技术研究,提出一种集逐级调压控制、限流充电控制、恒流输出控制以及最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制为一体的层级梯次控制策略,实现分布式系统的全局优化控制和飞行器能源的功率优化调度。研制的能源管理系统(PCU)配备1条234～328 V高压母线,额定功率15 kW,电路效率大于97%,功率密度大于750 W/kg。PCU依托分布式架构,采用层级梯次控制策略,验证了高效能源系统管理与控制技术的正确性和有效性。     

Hypersonic reentry trajectory planning by using hybrid fractional-order particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm called Fractional-order Particle Swarm optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (FPSOGSA) and applies it to the trajectory planning of the hypersonic lifting reentry flight vehicles. The proposed method is used to calculate the control profiles to achieve the two objectives, namely a smoother trajectory and enforcement of the path constraints with terminal accuracy. The smoothness of the trajectory is achieved by scheduling the bank angle with the aid of a modified scheme known as a Quasi-Equilibrium Glide (QEG) scheme. The aerodynamic load factor and the dynamic pressure path constraints are enforced by further planning of the bank angle with the help of a constraint enforcement scheme. The maximum heating rate path constraint is enforced through the angle of attack parameterization. The Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) flight vehicle is used for the simulation purpose to test and compare the proposed method with that of the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed FPSOGSA method over the standard PSO and the GSA methods by showing its better convergence and computation efficiency.     

区间数据包络分析模型的求解及其有效性

文中基于每个DMU的区间效率值,给出了区间DEA模型求解的一种方法并研究了它的有效性,同时将这种方法应用于基地伪装方案的选取问题。     

基于Optistruct的结构静动力拓扑优化设计

基于Optistruct平台,研究了二维平面薄板及三维结构的静力、动力以及静动力联合的拓扑优化,给出了典型结构的算例,对比了优化参数取值不同时所对应的优化结果,探讨了优化过程中的网格依赖性以及拓扑优化的效率等问题.     

大型客机后缘铰链襟翼巡航变弯度气动性能数值研究

更高、更快、减阻是飞机设计三大永恒的追求。传统的固定翼飞机在进行优化设计时需兼顾各种飞行条件,寻求一个折中的最优解,而变弯度机翼的概念能有效解决这个问题,符合上述飞机设计的三大追求。着重研究大型宽体客机后缘襟翼刚性变弯度对巡航气动效率及跨声速抖振边界的影响。首先基于下垂式铰链襟翼机构,编制了机构引导下带扰流板联合偏转的后缘襟翼运动仿真程序,以自动生成不同襟翼偏角的巡航构型。在此基础上对巡航构型进行非稳态气动计算,获得跨声速区机翼抖振边界。以该抖振边界作为约束条件,以襟翼偏角、迎角为双变量,获得Cl-K关系图,得到最优升阻比曲线。本文中襟翼偏角变化为0°~±3°,间隔1°;迎角范围为-2°~5°,间隔1°。计算结果表明,变弯度构型较不变弯度构型升阻比有所提高,抖振边界约提高10%;变弯度构型可提高不同设计点的气动效率,实现减阻省油;跨声速区机翼抖振边界的提高扩大了飞行包线,使得飞机能飞得更高、更快。