December 2006 solar extreme events and their influence on the near-Earth space environment: “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” satellite observations

The Russian microsatellite “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” was launched on Jan. 20, 2005 and was both a scientific and educational mission. Its two main aims were declared as: (1) monitoring of the energetic particles dynamics in the near-Earth space environment after solar events and during quiet times, (2) educational activities based on experimental data obtained from the spacecraft. In this paper observations acquired during Dec. 5–16, 2006, known as “Solar Extreme Events 2006”, were analyzed. The “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” microsatellite orbit permits one to measure both solar energetic particle dynamics, variations of the boundary of solar particle penetration, as well as relativistic and sub-relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt during and after magnetic storms. Both relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation and solar energetic particles are an important source of radiation damage in near-Earth space. Therefore, the presented experimental results demonstrate the successful application of a small educational spacecraft both for scientific and educational programs.     

原子氧对O型圈泄漏率的影响

使用原子氧效应地面模拟设备对硅橡胶材料O型圈进行了原子氧暴露实验;用测压法进行了O型圈在原子氧暴露前后的泄漏率比对实验,并对实验前后O型圈表面形貌特征作了扫描电镜分析.实验表明:原子氧对O型圈表面有很大的剥蚀效应;O型圈经过原子氧暴露后,质量减少、泄漏率明显增大;暴露时间越长,表面形貌受到的损坏越严重、质量减少量越多,泄漏率也就越大.      

Ozone variability related to several SEP events occurring during solar cycle no. 23

Data from geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) series were used to identify intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events occurred during the solar activity cycle no. 23. We retrieved O₃, NO, NO₂, HNO₃, OH, HCl and OHCl profiles coming from different satellite sensors (solar occultation and limb emission) and we looked for the mesospheric/stratospheric response to SEPs at high terrestrial latitudes. The chemistry of the minor atmospheric components is analysed to evaluate the associated odd nitrogen (NO_x) and odd hydrogen (HO_x) production, able to cause short (h) and medium (days) term ozone variations. We investigated the effects of SEPs on the polar atmosphere in three different seasons, i.e., January 2005, April 2002 and July 2000. The inter-hemispheric variability of the ozone, induced by the SEP series of January 2005, has been compared with the effects connected both to larger and quite similar events. We found that during SEP events: (i) solar illumination is the key factor driving SEP-induced effects on the chemistry of the polar atmosphere; (ii) even events with limited particle flux in the range 15–40 MeV are able to change the abundance of the minor constituents in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere.     

一类非线性不确定中立延迟系统的鲁棒自适应滑模控制

针对一类非线性不确定中立型时变时滞系统的鲁棒镇定问题,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,提出了一种能渐近稳定系统的自适应无记忆滑模控制器.基于滑模控制技术,确保了该控制器能驱赶系统状态达到事先指定的滑动超平面,从而获得预期的动态性能.一旦系统动态达到滑动运动阶段,系统对不确定是不敏感的.自适应技术的应用克服了不确定的未知上界,使可达条件能被满足.最后,仿真例子证明了该无记忆自适应滑模控制器的有效性,从而保证了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性.     

Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks

This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks. This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the protons and not the heavy ions. Heavy ions behave as test particles, and their acceleration characteristics are controlled by the properties of proton-excited turbulence. As a result, the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly different signatures in abundance, spectra, and intensity profiles, depending on ion mass and charge. Self-consistent models of heavy-ion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed. This includes discussion of the injection problem and the acceleration characteristics of quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks.     

中点形成变压器的分析

本文分析了一种用于三相三线制形成三相四线制的变压器——中点形成变压器(NFT),详细阐述了NFT的原理、结构特点以及NFT在电路中的数学模型。NFT从原理上讲是一个变比为1的自耦变压器,其原副边使用一套绕组。原边接成Y接法,副边接成Y_0接法,从而形成了一个物理中点,完成三相三线制到三相四线制的转换。在三相负载不平衡时,使用NFT会使三相输出电压不平衡。本文一方面从理论上分析了这种不平衡程度同NFT的性能参数(零序阻抗)之间量的关系,从而在理论上提出了NFT的设计依据;另一方面又提出了旨在减少NFT零序阻抗的铁芯结构、铁芯材料、绕组联接及排列等特点。根据分析结果,具体设计与制做了一个15kVA的NFT;并结合实验进行了验证。最后又把NFT模型化,提出了NFT在电路中的数学模型,为使用NFT的电力装置的系统仿真创造了条件。     

Interplanetary CubeSats system for space weather evaluations and technology demonstration

The paper deals with the mission analysis and conceptual design of an interplanetary 6U CubeSats system to be implemented in the L₁ Earth–Sun Lagrangian Point mission for solar observation and in-situ space weather measurements.     

NC/GAP-TPE共混聚合物的制备和性能研究

采用扩链后共混再熟化的方法,制备了1组不同组成的硝化棉(NC)/含能热塑性弹性体(GAP-TPE)共混聚合物.采用红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征NC/GAP-TPE共混物的结构,扫描电镜(SEM)观察共混物的断面,动态热机械分析(DMA)测定共混物的玻璃化转变,运用拉伸实验研究不同配比NC/GAP-TP...     

带网状筋壁板弯曲中性层近似计算方法

文章针对空间站大型密封舱结构对整体壁板弯曲展开尺寸精度有较高的要求,应用塑性弯曲理论及假设,对带网状筋壁板的塑性弯曲过程进行了分析,并通过简化计算确定了壁板弯曲过程中展开中性层与壁板内表面的距离,又根据中性层位置确定了壁板的精确展开长度。经过与弯曲试验数据的对比,表明该简化算法的精度能够满足产品尺寸精度,为相似结构的展开计算提供了依据。     

含能粘合剂研究的新进展

新型含能粘合剂的研发对提高固体火箭推进剂的能量及性能有着重要的作用。本文根据国内外近年来在新型含能粘合剂研究方面取得的新进展,按照聚合物侧链所含取代基的不同,分别介绍了叠氮基聚醚粘合剂、硝酸酯粘合剂及其他几种含能粘合剂,对这些粘合剂的应用及性能进行了综合比较与讨论,最后展望了含能粘合剂技术的发展趋势,认为GAP、PGN等粘合剂将是21世纪初高能推进剂、低特征信号推进剂使用的主要品种。