Solar proton events recorded in the stratosphere during cosmic ray balloon observations in 1957–2008

Long-term balloon observations have been performed by the Lebedev Physical Institute since 1957 up to the present time. The observations are taken several times a week at the polar and mid latitudes and allow us to study dynamics of galactic and solar cosmic ray as well as secondary particle fluxes in the atmosphere and in the near-Earth space. Solar energetic particles (120) – mostly protons – (SEP) events with >100 MeV proton intensity above 1 cm⁻² s⁻¹ s⁻¹ were recorded during 1958–2006. Before the advent of the SEP monitoring on spacecraft these results constituted the only homogeneous series of >100 MeV SEP events. The SEP intensities and energy spectra inferred from the Lebedev Physical Institute observations are consistent with the results taken in the adjacent energy intervals by the spacecraft and neutron monitors. Joint consideration of the SEP events series recorded by balloons and by neutron monitors during solar cycles 20–23 makes it possible to restore the probable number of events in solar cycle 19, which was not properly covered by observations. Some correlation was found between duration of SEP event production in a solar cycle and sunspot cycle characteristics.     

Z源NPC三电平变换器恒功率并网控制策略研究

Z源中点钳位式(NPC)三电平变换器把逆变和升压两种环节结合在一起,结构简单、工作效率高,但是针对这种结构输出的无功功率研究较少。提出了一种Z源NPC三电平变换器的恒功率并网控制策略。首先对这种变换器的结构及原理进行分析;再把恒功率控制引入到这种变换器的并网控制中,并采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)实现了变换器的并网控制。MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了这种变换器能够提高电压升压比。该控制策略可使变换器输出的有功功率、无功功率稳定于设定值,且并网电流谐波较低。     

板式表面张力贮箱导流板的理论计算与试验验证

板式表面张力贮箱的PMD通常包括导流板与出口附近的蓄液器,导流板是影响板式贮箱性能的关键因素之一,由于地面没有失重环境无法直接进行导流板的工作原理地面验证。为了确认导流板的可用性,通过理论分析建立了导流板液体传输能力的计算方法,通过中性浮力试验对导流板的液体收集能力进行了试验验证。经过多次试验的试验结果与理论计算结果的对比分析,得到了一种可应用于工程设计的计算方法,利用该方法编程形成了一套计算软件,可指导板式表面张力贮箱内导流板的设计。     

Modeling of the outer heliosphere with the realistic solar cycle

Time-dependent kinetic-continuum model of the solar wind interaction with the two-component local interstellar cloud (LIC) has been developed recently [Izmodenov, V., Malama, Y.G., Ruderman, M.S. Solar cycle influence on the interaction of the solar wind with local interstellar cloud. Astron. Astrophys. 429, 1069–1080, 2005a.]. Here, we adopted this model to the realistic solar cycle, when the solar wind parameters at the Earth’s orbit are taken from space data. This paper focuses on the results related to the termination shock (TS) excursion with the solar cycle that may help to understand Voyager 1 data obtained at and after the crossing of the termination shock and to predict the time of the TS crossing by Voyager 2.     

An investigation of ionospheric disturbances over South Africa during the magnetic storm on 15 May 2005

The effects of the 15 May 2005 severe geomagnetic storm on the South African ionosphere are studied using ground-based and satellite observations. Ionospheric disturbances have less frequently been investigated over mid-latitude regions. Recently, a number of studies investigated their evolution and generation over these regions. This paper reports on the first investigation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over mid-latitude South Africa. Using global positioning system (GPS)-derived total electron content (TEC) variations from the South African network of dual frequency GPS receivers, we were able to examine the effects of the disturbance on the TEC. During this storm, two TEC enhancements were observed at low- and mid-latitudes: the first enhancement was observed between 30–45°S geomagnetic latitudes associated with equatorward neutral winds and the passage of a TID, while the second TEC enhancement is associated with a second TID. In addition, the F-region critical frequency (foF2) values observed at two ionosonde stations show response features that differ from those of the TEC during the disturbance period. The dissimilarity between the TEC and the foF2 suggests that two competing drivers may have existed, i.e., the westward electric field and equatorward neutral wind effects.     

Interplanetary CubeSats system for space weather evaluations and technology demonstration

The paper deals with the mission analysis and conceptual design of an interplanetary 6U CubeSats system to be implemented in the L₁ Earth–Sun Lagrangian Point mission for solar observation and in-situ space weather measurements.     

高能量密度材料(HEDM)研究开发现状及展望

综述了高能量密度材料计划的由来和目标、计算机辅助分子设计在研究开发中的作用,分张力环和笼形化合物、氮杂环化合物、无环化合物、氮簇和氧簇分子、激发态材料5大类讨论了它们实现高能的机理和研究开发现状,运用国外量子化学研究成果说明了它们结构和稳定性,提出未来将按三个层次,即近、中、远三阶段发展的学术观点,分析了各阶段研究重点、关键技术和开发前景.     

中性浮力和失重环境人体运动仿真比较研究

为了模拟失重状态,航天技术发达的国家都建立了用于航天员出舱活动训练的中性浮力水槽。但与太空失重环境相比,水中存在的水动阻力会导致两种环境下人体运动反馈的差异性。基于ADAMS多体动力学仿真软件,按照“飞天”舱外航天服的质量分布,建立了着舱外服人体动力学模型。利用此模型仿真比较了水下和失重环境中肘关节屈伸、肩内收外展、肩矢状面内运动时人体躯干的动力学反馈,发现水下环境中模型躯干的转动速度峰值和平均值均较大。研究结果已应用于神舟七号载人飞行任务出舱活动航天员训练,建立的航天员人体动力学模型可应用于我国未来空间站任务出舱活动仿真分析。     

新型中性聚合物键合剂设计与合成

首先以三-(2-甲基氮丙啶基)氧化膦(MAPO)与丙烯酸(AA)为原料合成MAPO的衍生物,通过红外和质谱对产物进行了定性分析,用非水滴定的方法检测氮丙啶环的含量,通过正交试验设计得到了较优工艺条件:MAPO与AA的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h,所得氮丙啶环含量最接近理论值.再利用该活性中间体与丙烯腈、丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚,得到改性的中性聚合物键合剂,通过接触角的测量,粘接性能预估表明,该新型中性聚合物键合剂与黑索金(RDX)、奥克托金(HMX)、高氯酸铵(AP)的界面浸润好、粘接强.     

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.