小型控制力矩陀螺扰动建模及性能指标分析

为实现遥感卫星的高精度指向能力,对遥感卫星星上常用执行机构控制力矩陀螺扰动及性能指标评定进行了研究。首先,充分考虑小型控制力矩陀螺的静动不平衡量以及框架轴的安装误差,根据动量定理和动量矩定理建立了完整的星载小型控制力矩陀螺的动力学模型,并对所建立模型的正确性进行了理论分析和仿真验证;其次,将含有扰动特性的小型控制力矩陀螺应用到星上,建立了整星动力学模型,并选用合适的框架伺服控制系统和转子伺服控制系统,完成整星的姿态稳定控制任务;最后,采用数值仿真的方式分析了陀螺转子静动不平衡因素以及框架角测量误差对星体姿态精度和稳定度带来的影响。结合任务要求,对小型控制力矩陀螺设计提出静动不平衡量等指标要求,以期使其满足星上光学有效载荷的成像要求。     

加力燃烧室NOx排放生成规律试验分析

实现航空发动机大推力通常采用加力燃烧室设计,燃烧室进气温度升高会同步导致排放尾气中NO_x浓度提高.采用典型加力燃烧室主稳定器的V型结构试验件,测试加力燃烧前后(进口600 ℃,出口600~1 200 ℃)燃烧室排放断面的NO_x浓度分布,通过相同流场4种试验工况的NO_x生成浓度组分和氧含量变化分析,验证了加力燃烧室NO_x生成以热力型NO为主的"高温、富氧、贫油"燃烧特性.结果表明加力燃烧室燃烧过程中消耗的氧含量大多贡献于CO₂增量,在800~1 000 ℃燃气排放温度范围内,不完全燃烧产物CO对NO的热力生成有明显抑制作用.     

环形腔室径向宽度对加力燃油泵内流及性能影响

对某加力燃油泵内部非定常流动开展了系统的数值模拟,研究了不同环形腔室径向宽度条件下泵的外特性和内流特征.计算结果表明,缩小径向宽度可有效提高泵在不同流量下的扬程,且小流量工况增幅显著高于大流量,明显改善了小流量工作的不稳定性.对于大流量工况,环形腔室截面变小导致腔室内循环流量降低、沿程损失明显减小,是泵出口扬程提高的主要因素;而对于小流量工况,环形腔室截面变小使得扩散管主流贴近环形腔室,显著降低了叶轮流道扬程损失,有效提升了泵出口扬程.      

基于粒子群算法的绳系卫星展开与回收控制

绳系卫星的展开与回收是绳系卫星应用的基础问题,但通过改变系绳拉力来实现展开和回收的方法尚未得到充分研究.将系绳拉力作为控制力,并在时间域内离散,然后利用粒子群优化算法在整个可行域中寻找满足优化指标的最优值,从而得到控制力的变化规律.该控制方法可以使绳系卫星系统在最小摆动、最短时间等最优指标意义下,迅速展开到平衡位置,同时也适用于绳系卫星的回收.仿真结果表明：该控制方法同基于控制展开与回收速度的控制方法相比,展开和回收的时间短、侧向摆动小,具有一定优越性.     

On the early phase of relativistic solar particle events: Are there signatures of acceleration mechanism?

Many physical processes precede and accompany the solar energetic particles (SEP) occurrence on the Earth’s orbit. Explosive energy release on the Sun gives rise to a flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). X-ray and gamma emissions are believed to be connected with flares. Radio emission is signature of disturbances traveling through the corona and interplanetary space. Particles can gain energy both in the flare and the accompanying wave processes. The beginning of the SEP events has the advantage of being the phase most close to the time of acceleration. Influence of interplanetary transport is minimal in the case of first arriving relativistic solar protons recorded by ground based neutron monitors in so called ground-level enhancements (GLE). The early phase of the SEP events attracts attention of many scientists searching for the understanding of particle acceleration. However, they come to the opposite conclusions. While some authors find arguments for coronal mass ejections as a sole accelerator of SEPs, others prove a flare to be the SEP origin. Here, the circumstances of SEP generation for several GLEs of the 23rd solar cycle are considered. Timing of X-ray, CME, and radio emissions shows a great variety from event to event. However, the time of particle ejection from the Sun is closer to maximum of X-ray emission than to any other phenomena considered. No correlation is found between the particle fluxes and the CME characteristics.     

The dust content of clusters of galaxies

We have statistically investigated the infrared luminosity of clusters of galaxies in comparison with the known tracers of the cluster mass like the X-ray luminosity and the cluster richness (e.g. the number of member galaxies). Our results show that there is a clear positive correlation of the infrared luminosity with the cluster mass. Quantitatively speaking, the infrared luminosity is on average 20 times higher than the X-ray luminosity. Moreover, the infrared luminosity increases with the redshift. This probably shows that a major part of this infrared luminosity is due to star formation in the member galaxies. Another possible contribution would be the thermal emission from dust particles in the diffuse intracluster medium. However our method does not allow us to infer conclusions about this second hypothesis. Depending on their size and abundance, such particles would contribute to the infrared luminosity of galaxy cluster and have an impact on the cooling function of the baryons and thus on the formation of the large scale structures. This is an important cosmological question which still remains open.     

Experimental Investigation into Characteristics of Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation Generated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This article carries out synthetic measurements and analysis of the characteristics of the asymmetric surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation.The rotational and vibrational temperatures of an N2 (C3Пu) molecule are measured in terms of the optical emission spectra from the N2 second positive system.A simplified collision-radiation model for N2(C) and N2+(B) is established on the basis of the ratio of emission intensity at 391.4 nm to that at 380.5 nm and the ratio of emission intensity at 371.1 nm to that at 380.5 nm for calculating temporal and spatial averaged electron temperatures and densities.Under one atmosphere pressure,the electron temperature and density are on the order of 1.6 eV and 1011cm-3 respectively.The body force induced by the plasma aerodynamic actuation is on the order of tens of mN while the induced flow velocity is around 1.3m/s.Starting vortex is firstly induced by the actuation;then it develops into a near-wall jet,about 70 mm downstream of the actuator.Unsteady plasma aerodynamic actuation might stimulate more vortexes in the flow field.The induced flow direction by nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation is not parallel,but vertical to the dielectric layer surface.     

民机驾驶舱工效学综合评价方法研究及应用

飞机驾驶舱工效学综合评价是驾驶舱研制中一个极其重要的问题,以往在驾驶舱的研制过程中往往为其工程质量提出种种衡量标准而忽视工效学的综合评价,导致设计出的驾驶舱存在不少工效学方面的问题。为此,结合民机驾驶舱工效学的实际情况,本文提出一种将改进专家打分法、三标度层次分析法和模糊综合评判法集成的综合评价体系,给出了合适、可操作的评价指标和评价方法,能指导驾驶舱的工效学评价。该体系考虑了工效学评价的模糊性,实现了征求和提炼专家群体的意见,对飞机驾驶舱工效学进行了定量地综合评价,为比较相似设计方案的优劣提供了理论基础和方法。应用此方法,结合研究项目,对某民机驾驶舱尺寸设计的工效学进行了评价,证明了该方法的有效性。     

天线系数变化对电场辐射发射测量的影响

介绍了天线系数的有关特性。阐述了天线系数变化对电场辐射发射测量的影响。最后分析了天线系数变化的原因。     

Quasi-biennial oscillation signals in outgoing long-wave radiation of the equator

In the present paper, the authors use wavelet transform technique to study time-series of outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomaly at the equator during 1979–2005. The results show that quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signals exist in the OLR variation and the QBO cycle has remarkable temporal variability in its amplitude and phase. The periodic length of the QBO fluctuation is about 2.2-year before 1986. After that time, the length mainly changes from about 2.4- to 2.6-year. Analyzing the anomaly data set of 850 MB trade wind index (TWI) at west Pacific during this period, we have found that the obvious time-variations characteristics of the QBO cycle also exist in the TWI change at west Pacific and are in good consistence with that of the OLR change. The quasi-biennial fluctuation of the TWI change can explain that of the OLR change to a large extent.