微阴极真空电弧点火起弧及加速机理研究综述

微阴极真空电弧推力器具有结构简单、重量轻、功耗低、比冲高等优点,因而在航天推进领域有着广阔应用前景.当前推力器设计研制、可靠性和寿命的提高等方面遇到的一些关键问题均与微阴极真空电弧放电过程的基本物理问题密切相关.对微阴极电弧推力器运行中涉及的电子发射、电极间起弧过程、阴极斑点形成及特点、烧蚀和形貌变化、电极间等离子体射...     

多孔介质隔热材料中的辐射热传递分析

新型的多孔材料以其重量轻、强度高备受航天工程设计人员的亲睐,尤其是作为隔热材料使用,可以说是航天工程热防护系统的热门材料.多孔介质在辐射热传递方面具有吸收发射和散射的功能,这些功能在其接受外来热流的作用下,于内部达到热能量平衡,求解这一平衡方程就可以求出辐射热流在材料中的分布.由于求解这一方程的困难,许多学者对材料特性...     

XMM-Newton study of soft excess X-ray emission in clusters of galaxies

We discuss the detection of soft excess X-ray emission in a sample of 19 clusters of galaxies observed by XMM-Newton. In 6/19 clusters evidence for a soft X-ray excess is found. Four of these clusters show soft X-ray and O VII line emission from gas with a temperature of 0.2 keV. The centroid of this oxygen line is consistent with the redshift of the cluster. The intensity and spatial extend of the soft excess agrees with previous PSPC measurements. These observations are interpreted as emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium filaments, with density enhancements near the cluster centers, consistent with theoretical predictions. In the other two soft excess clusters a non-thermal origin is consistent with the data.     

Cosmic ray acceleration by supernova shocks

We analyse the results of recent measurements of nonthermal emission from individual supernova remnants (SNRs) and their correspondence to the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is shown that the theory fits these data in a satisfactory way and provides the strong evidences for the efficient CR production in SNRs accompanied by significant magnetic field amplification. Magnetic field amplification leads to considerable increase of CR maximum energy so that the spectrum of CRs accelerated in SNRs is consistent with the requirements for the formation of Galactic CR spectrum up to the energy ∼10¹⁷ eV.     

XMM-Newton survey of non-thermal shell candidates: Preliminary results on DA 530

The investigation of the general properties of non-thermal (NT) X-ray shell supernova remnants (SNRs), of which SN 1006 is the prototype, is important to understand how electrons are accelerated in SNR shocks and what is the origin of cosmic rays. Using the XMM-Newton satellite, we are carrying on a survey of putative non-thermal SNR candidates previously unknown or little studied in the X-ray band, in order to investigate the different manifestations of NT emission in SNR shells. The SNRs we have selected are likely to expand in a low density medium, and therefore to have a low thermal X-ray emission, that usually outshines the non-thermal one. We report here preliminary results obtained on the SNR shell DA 530.     

Evaluating the feasibility of GPS measurements of SSH on board a ship along the Portuguese West Coast

Aiming to validate coastal altimetry data, an exploratory experiment was carried out, using a survey ship with onboard GPS and motion compensation systems. The ship navigation plan followed a track as coincident as possible with the passage of two altimetry satellites, Envisat and Jason-1, along the Portuguese coast, in June 2007.     

X-Ray Emission from Flare Collapsing Trap

An acceleration process in the collapsing magnetic trap, formed in the flare with cusp magnetic field topology, is described. Computations show that high-energy electrons are accumulated in the central part of the collapsing magnetic trap due to an increase of their pitch angles. The effect explains in a natural way the formation of X-ray loop-top sources. Then, using the model with the collapsing trap and considering only the adiabatic heating process, a possible explanation for the motion of the X-ray loop-top source observed at the beginning of some cusp-type flares is presented.     

基于摄动理论的爆高确定方法研究

分别讨论了两种通过飞行时间确定爆高的方法:解析计算修正法和时间偏导数法,这两种方法都是通过计算延迟时间来确定爆高,具有自主性强、可靠性高的特点。计算了两种方法在不同干扰条件下的结果,分析了造成计算偏差的原因。计算结果表明,两种方法的计算误差都非常小,均可应用于弹道导弹爆高确定。     

飞错高度原因及其防范措施

针对飞错高度这一导致空中危险接近、空中相撞、可控飞行撞地等一系列事故或事故征候的主要根源，通过对具体实例和数据进行分析，找出飞错高度的原因，归纳飞错高度类型，并提出一系列避免措施，以期减少或消除因高度错误而造成的飞行事故征候或飞行事故率。从根本上提高飞行安全性。     

中国空间大功率微波部件微放电抑制表面处理技术最新进展

材料表面的二次电子发射会触发和维持空间高功率射频器件的共振雪崩放电现象,这种现象又被称为微放电效应。微放电效应是限制空间大功率微波部件应用的关键问题之一。从微放电作用的机理出发,首先介绍了两种微放电类型（单表面与双表面）的基本物理机理;然后总结了当前主流的微放电抑制方法并给出各自应用于空间大功率微波部件时的限制。针对空间大功率微波部件微放电抑制的特殊问题,综述了国内近5年来在表面处理法抑制微放电领域的研究成果并预测了微放电抑制技术的发展趋势。