基于激波管的等离子体辅助甲烷点火

在激波管实验系统的基础上,设计了等离子体放电单元,开展了等离子体对甲烷点火延迟时间影响的研究。测量了等离子体放电时的伏安特性曲线。测量了甲烷自点火延迟时间、持续放电条件下的点火延迟时间以及放电后断电下的点火延迟时间。对甲烷点火过程中的化学反应路径进行了分析。结果表明:等离子体放电电压与电流并不呈现相同的变化趋势,放电过程中气体电阻不断发生变化。很少的放电能量(小于4J)即可有效减少甲烷的点火延迟时间,在关闭电源后,放电产生的粒子依然可以在一定程度降低甲烷点火延迟时间。在低温或高温点火条件下等离子体对甲烷点火延迟时间的影响机理基本相同。点火温度较低(小于1000K),或者较高(大于1600K)时,持续放电对甲烷点火延迟的缩短效果更加明显,可以将甲烷的点火延迟时间缩短1个数量级或1个数量级以上。等离子体对甲烷点火延迟的作用效果是点火温度与等离子体质量摩尔浓度耦合影响的结果。      

舰载高级教练机动力发展途径与未来趋势

为探索舰载高级教练机动力发展途径与未来趋势,综述了高级教练机发动机发展的3个阶段,重点分析了舰载高级教练机对配套动力的使用性能要求和国外舰载高级教练机发动机现状。研究发现:舰载高级教练机配套动力应根据飞机平台动力的需求,在成熟涡扇发动机的基础上围绕长寿命、宽包线、低油耗、强性能保持、易保障维修及“适海性”等相关要求进行改进研制,或选择一款成熟的舰载战斗机动力降状态使用,并且未来将向更大推质比、更低耗油率、更大提取功率、更长使用寿命和飞发一体化设计的方向不断发展。     

基于超短基线声传感器阵的高速目标轨迹估计

针对低空高速飞行目标跟踪问题,首先研究了某典型目标噪声信号的时频特性,发现其信号呈现宽带低频特征,难以从频域对目标轨迹进行估计。在此基础上,从各路接收信号的到达时延量入手,考虑到声基阵只能布设于有限空间内的制约,提出了一种基于超短基线阵时延估计的目标跟踪方法。该方法利用各个超短基线阵接收声强极值点分别估计目标运动轨迹垂线方向,计算多个垂线的叉乘向量实现对目标运动方向的估计,再利用多面交汇的方式获估计得到目标运动轨迹。分别对目标俯仰角、方位角及运动轨迹估计的理论误差进行了推导,根据理论估计误差,为能够实现对目标运动轨迹的估计,各个超短基线阵应尽量保证与目标运动轨迹不在同一平面上。根据仿真结果,在采用4个传感器基阵时,角度估计平均误差在4°以内,位置估计相对误差在5%左右。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

航空整体结构件加工变形有限元数值仿真

加工变形是航空整体结构件数控加工领域普遍存在的问题.选取典型航空整体结构件,基于有限元法研究了毛坯初始残余应力对于加工变形的影响,仿真结果与试验结果一致;对残余应力引起的加工变形特点进行了分析,基于不同加工路径对航空结构件加工变形进行了有限元数值仿真,结果表明,对于单一残余应力引起的加工变形分析,可以忽略加工路径的影响.考虑铣削力与残余应力的耦合作用,建立了残余应力、铣削力的耦合力学模型,给出了具体仿真流程,针对不同加工路径进行有限元仿真,研究了铣削力对于残余应力分布及最终加工变形的影响.     

未知环境下移动机器人单目视觉导航算法

提出了一种未知环境下移动机器人单目视觉导航算法,算法包括障碍物检测、单目视觉测距和局部路径规划3部分.为减小光照等环境因素对基于特征的障碍物检测的影响,对彩色图像在HSI颜色空间中用基于像素的直方图比较进行分割,获取障碍物轮廓序列的图像坐标点集.在单目视觉测距中,通过几何关系推导法建立图像坐标系和机器人坐标系间的变换关系,进而实现由障碍物图像位置计算其与机器人间的实际距离.局部路径规划对摄像机梯形视场区域转换后的矩形区域建立模型划分栅格,由障碍物轮廓序列图像坐标和单目视觉测距计算构建障碍物栅格图,并用提出的栅格搜索算法搜索障碍物栅格图,得到机器人安全行驶路径.实际环境中进行的实验结果表明,算法能有效减小反光、阴影等的影响,在未知环境中正确规划出机器人局部可行路径实现导航.      

Human navigation ability: Tests of the encoding-error model of path integration

This paper tests the generality and implications of an encoding-error model (Fujita et al. 1993) of humans' ability to keep track of their position in space in the absence of visual cues (i.e., by nonvisual path integration). The model proposes that when people undergo nonvisually guided travel, they encode the distances and turns that they experience, and their errors reflect systematic inaccuracies in the encoding process. Thus when people try to return to the origin of travel, they base their response on mis-encoded values of the outbound distances and turns. The two experiments reported here addressed three issues related to the model: (i) whether path integration is context-dependent and if so, how rapidly it adapts to recently experienced distances and turns; (ii) whether effects of experience can be specifically attributed to changes in the encoding process, and if so, what changes; and (iii) whether the encoding process represents distances and turns in the individual paths without considering their spatial relationship to one another (i.e., an object-centered representation). Testing these issues allows us to evaluate and develop the model.Subjects who were blindfolded or had restricted vision were led through two legs of a triangle and the turn between, then tried to return to the origin. Paths varied in whether experienced legs and turns were small or large (Experiment 1) and in variability of return and outbound course (Experiment 2). Response turn, distance and course were determined. The assumption of immutable encoding functions was not supported; encoding processes were context dependent, although they did not adapt within a block of trials. Although effects of experience could be accounted for by the model, the affected parameters were not always as predicted, and in some cases additional parameters were necessary. Results of manipulating variability in return course were consistent with the model's assumption of object-centered representation.     

锥形复合材料构件的铺丝路径规划与丝数求解

获取构件表面信息是准确规划铺丝路径的前提.针对锥形构件,首先借助曲面上的等参线求解曲率、弧长等信息,进一步分析了曲率对丝宽的约束关系,在此基础上提出了用弧长均分算法规划铺丝路径的方法.规划后的路径满足:(1)有统一的相对固定的铺丝角度;(2)铺丝完成时,丝束"包裹"整个曲面,无堆叠和分离现象.通过飞机前机身形状的建模仿真,验证了该方法的正确实用.     

Design and Optimization of Press Bend Forming Path for Producing Aircraft Integral Panels with Compound Curvatures

In order to find out the optimal press bend forming path in fabricating aircraft integral panels, this article proposes a new method on the basis of the authors' previous work. It is composed of the finite element method (FEM) equivalent model, the surface curvature analysis, the artificial neural network response surface and the genetic algorithm. The method begins with analyzing the objective's shape curvature to determine the bending position. Then it optimizes the punch travel at each bending position by the following steps: (1) Establish a multi-step press bend forming FEM equivalent model, with which the FEM experiments designed with the Taguchi method are performed. (2) Construct a back-propagation (BP) neural network response surface with the data from the FEM experiments. (3) Use the genetic algorithm to optimize the neural network response surface as the objective function. Finally, this method is verified by press bending a complicated double-curvature grid-type stiffened panel and bears out its effectiveness and intrinsic worth in designing the press bend forming path.     

基于人工势场法的移动机器人最优路径规划

提出一种解决人工势场法目标不可达问题的方法.分析了传统人工势场法中的固有缺陷:目标不可达;在障碍物附近或通过狭小通道时的抖动问题.通过选取适当的增益系数解决了目标不可达问题,使机器人快速到达目标点.用拉紧法去除路径的冗余节点并用极坐标下对称多项式优化出圆滑的最优路径.仿真结果证实了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

复合材料自动铺带技术研究(Ⅱ)——柱面上沿"自然路径"铺带的压辊坐标生成

根据可展曲面上“自然路径”与测地线等价原理,应用沿弧长展开方法,研究了柱面上“自然路径”轨迹生成、铺带头轨迹坐标和姿态坐标计算模型与方法,讨论了简单边界的处理原则与方法,为实现柱面自动铺带CAD/CAM提供了依据。