A fast and automatic full-potential finite volume solver on Cartesian grids for unconventional configurations

To meet the requirements of fast and automatic computation of subsonic and transonic aerodynamics in aircraft conceptual design,a novel finite volume solver for full potential flows on adaptive Cartesian grids is developed in this paper.Cartesian grids with geometric adaptation are firstly generated automatically with boundary cells processed by cell-cutting and cell-merging algo rithms.The nonlinear full potential equation is discretized by a finite volume scheme on these Cartesian grids and iteratively solved in an implicit fashion with a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm.During computation,solution-based mesh adaptation is also applied so as to capture flow features more accurately.An improved ghost-cell method is proposed to implement the non-penetration wall boundary condition where the velocity-potential of a ghost cell is modified by an analytic method instead.According to the characteristics of the Cartesian grids,the Kutta condition is applied by specially computing the gradients on Kutta-faces without directly assigning the potential jump to cells adjacent wake faces,which can significantly improve the solution con verging speed.The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by several typical cases of sub/transonic flows around an ONERA M6 wing,a DLR-F4 wing-body,and an unconventional figuration of a blended wing body (BWB).The validation cases demonstrate a fast convergence with fully automatic grid treatment and computation,and the results suggest its capacity in application for aircraft conceptual design.     

基于粒子群算法-最小二乘支持向量机算法的磁化曲线拟合

磁化曲线是强非线性函数,提高磁化曲线的拟合精度对含有铁磁材料的电气设备建模准确性至关重要。提出了一种基于粒子群算法-最小二乘支持向量机(PSOLSSVM)算法的磁化曲线拟合方法。该方法用粒子群优化算法解决了最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)参数的选择问题。仿真结果显示PSOLSSVM算法能获得最优的LSSVM参数,且采用PSOLSSVM算法拟合的磁化曲线与实际测量的磁化曲线基本无偏差,拟合精度较高。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

钛合金焊接件疲劳寿命估算

基于有限单元法理论，采用ANSYS有限元分析软件，对航空发动机中常用钛合金焊接试件进行应力应变分析，得到了焊接接头的等效应力场和应变场，并确定出试件等效应力集中系数Kf，运用局部应力-应变法对光滑焊接试件估算疲劳寿命，并采用成组试验法对计算结果进行验证和分析。     

基于SFEM的SRM纤维缠绕结构的可靠性分析

采用纽曼级数展开的蒙特卡罗随机有限元方法(SFEM),分析了固体火箭发动机(SRM)复合材料缠绕的燃烧室在内压正态变化下的应力响应,然后利用应力强度干涉原理分析计算其可靠性.     

基于并行遗传算法压气机叶片自动优化设计

结合小生境法与算子自适应法对基本遗传算法进行改进,采用WinSock接口、多线程、CS体系结构,实现并行遗传算法.将并行遗传算法与NS方程流场计算方法、Hicks-Henne函数叶型参数化方法结合构成叶型自动优化设计软件,软件可用于叶型设计和对已有叶型的改进.在构造目标函数时,根据工作攻角范围,构造了考虑非设计点性能的目标函数.分别对进口马赫数为0.5和0.9左右的叶栅采用三台计算机进行并行气动优化设计,优化叶型设计点和非设点性能都明显好于原始叶型.     

约束阻尼型镗杆的优化及减振性能

孔加工过程中镗杆的切削颤振影响着表面加工质量和加工精度,约束阻尼型镗杆可有效抑制这种切削振动,但其作用机理未被完全研究清楚,导致其抑制振动的效果一般。对约束阻尼型镗杆的结构优化、材料优选及减振性能进行了理论和实验研究。首先,根据Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性力学模型理论建立了镗杆的动力学模型,研究证实增大镗杆的静刚度和结构损耗因子能提高其减振性能从而提高孔加工质量;其次,基于建立的约束阻尼型镗杆静刚度和结构损耗因子理论公式,对其进行结构优化、材料优选。结果显示:存在一个最佳尺寸范围可减小镗杆在主要工作频域段上的振动,同时所选用的阻尼层应具有较小的弹性模量和较大的材料损耗因子,约束层材料应具有较大的弹性模量;最后,设计制造4种不同材料的约束阻尼型镗杆,通过模态实验获得静刚度、结构损耗因子,并与理论计算结果进行对比分析,同时研究切削过程中约束阻尼型镗杆的材料及切削参数对减振性能的影响。结果显示:约束阻尼型镗杆能有效减小径向振动以提高加工质量,不同材料的约束阻尼型镗杆在切削过程中径向振动差别较大,优化后的钢-PMMA-硬质合金镗杆在不同切深及转速下的径向振动加速度较小且更加稳定。     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

空心风扇叶片结构优化设计方法及程序实现

在空心风扇叶片结构强度分析的基础上,以叶片最大等效应力水平为约束条件,建立了叶片质量和径向位移最小化的双目标优化模型.采用正交试验设计的方法,分析了各设计变量对约束函数和目标函数的影响,减少了设计变量的数量.为了提高优化设计效率,采用径向基函数插值的方法,构造了约束函数和目标函数的响应面替代模型,从而避免了优化设计过程中大量的结构有限元分析求解.针对空心叶片结构强度优化设计的示例,探讨了替代模型和带精英策略的Pareto排序遗传算法的具体应用,得到了分布均匀的Pareto最优解,给出了空心叶片示例的具体优化设计结果.      

高温下DD6单晶气冷叶片模拟试样拉伸性能试验

通过选晶法制备DD6单晶薄壁圆管模拟试样,对850℃和980℃两种温度下[001]晶体取向含与不含气膜孔的薄壁试管进行拉伸性能试验研究.结果表明:在850℃条件下,[001]取向含气膜孔的拉伸性能比[001]取向不含气膜孔的拉伸性能降低10.5%;在980℃条件下,[001]取向含气膜孔的拉伸性能与[001]取向不含气膜孔的拉伸性能水平相当,这表明温度越高,气膜孔对薄壁件拉伸性能的影响越不显著;但在980℃ 条件下,[001]取向通气状态的拉伸强度比不通气状态下的拉伸强度提高16%.同时,发现圆管表面状态及通气状态是影响单晶薄壁试样高温性能的重要因素,特别是通气状态的存在显著提高了其高温力学性能.