基于电子倍增CCD的微光成像遥感器焦面电路设计

文章介绍了一种以EMCCD为探测器件的星载遥感器焦面电路实现方案。利用FPGA基于VHDL语言设计了驱动时序发生模块,运用直接数字频率合成技术、LVDS总线传输技术和大幅值信号放大技术构建了EMCCD硬件驱动电路。为满足卫星在线配置的需求,电路设置了遥控遥测接口模块。在EMCCD读出模块和焦面电源模块设计中提出了一定的降噪方法。最后,对EMCCD焦面电路样机进行测试,证实了该设计的有效性和可行性。     

Ionospheric disturbances on 8 September, 2010: Was it connected with the incoming moderate Chongqing earthquake?

Earthquake prediction stimulates the searches for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric anomalies. Contrary to common focuses on strong earthquakes, we report the ionospheric disturbances, 2 days before a moderate Ms = 4.7 Chongqing earthquake (29.4°N, 105.5°E, depth = 7.0 km, occurred at 21:21 LT, 10 September, 2010) with the data of ground-based ionosondes and IGS receivers. The data covering the period under the quiet geomagnetic conditions and a geomagnetic storm was analyzed with upper and lower bounds. It is found that there were significant enhancements of foF2 and total electron content (TEC) on the afternoon of 8 September, 2010, with a limited area close to the epicentre, which was different from the feature of ionospheric perturbations triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 15 September. Taking into account the heliogeomagnetical condition, we conclude that the observed ionospheric enhancements were very likely associated with the forthcoming moderate Chongqing earthquake, which implies that the relationship between the amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes is very complicated.     

AP粒度对其感度、推进剂燃烧速度及临界电子激发能的影响

研究了固体推进剂中氧化剂AP的平均粒度对其撞击感度和摩擦感度的影响,以及当AP加入改性双基推进剂中后,其平均粒度对改性双基推进剂燃烧速度的影响。揭示了影响AP撞击感度、摩擦感度以及推进剂燃烧速度的主要原因,即AP颗粒大小与引起其分解所需的临界电子激发能之间的关系。这对超细AP在推进剂中的安全合理应用具有重要指导意义。     

考虑低能电子影响的二次电子修正模型

随着微放电效应研究的不断深入,低能电子影响在微放电过程中越来越不可忽视。当前常用的微放电模型在处理低能电子问题上具有一定的局限性,为了精确模拟这一过程,在深入研究二次电子和背散射电子发射理论的基础上,分别针对材料表面条件不同引起的二次电子发射系数不确定性、低能电子的背散射系数以及电子入射角等问题进行了分析和讨论,并在此基础上建立了一个二次电子发射模型,最后通过数值计算讨论了模型的正确性和适用范围。这一模型同时考虑材料表面条件参数、低能电子的背散射系数以及入射角等因素影响,能够兼容较低能量电子的二次发射,提升微放电数值模拟的精确度和适用性,为微放电数值模拟的发展起到推进作用。     

电介质材料的二次电子发射动态特性研究

介质材料的动态特性是二次电子发射特性研究中的重要组成部分。通过数值模拟方法建立有效二次电子收集效率模型,可研究多种测量参数对介质动态特性的共同作用。模拟结果表明,空间电场和收集极结构对有效二次电子收集极效率的影响有一定相关性,收集极电位增大能提高有效二次电子收集效率,而动态过程中的半高宽时间则线性增加。另外收集极结构变化能够影响空间电场的作用效果。二者通过直接影响收集效率,间接改变表面电荷积累来引起动态特性的变化。入射束流则可直接影响表面电荷积累速度,使得半高宽时间线性增加或减小。研究结果对于揭示介质材料带电产生的动态过程以及指导实验准确测量二次电子发射系数具有科学意义。     

150kV逆变电源性能优化及其束源特性

为了进一步提高电子束流发生系统工作的可靠性和稳定性,提高电子束加工质量,采用AC-DC-AC-DC-AC-DC的拓扑电路、新型功率变压器、高压脉冲检测技术、优化的束流反馈控制与灯丝加热电流闭环反馈控制技术等,分别优化了高压加速电源、偏压电源与灯丝加热电源。将所研制逆变电源与150 k V/30 k W电子枪、真空系统等组成了一套电子束流发生系统,测试了该电子束流发生系统输出的高压、最大束流以及灯丝加热电流、偏压变化对束流输出的影响。试验结果表明:经过优化的逆变电源高压输出达到-150 k V,高压输出线性度较好,最大束流达到200 m A;高压、灯丝加热电流给定时,随着偏压降低,束流输出逐渐增大;高压、偏压给定时,随着灯丝加热电流增大,束流输出存在死区、线性增大区和恒流区。     

Assessment of the NeQuick model at mid-latitudes using GNSS TEC and ionosonde data

The modelling of the total electron content (TEC) plays an important role in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) accuracy, especially for single-frequency receivers, the most common ones constituting the mass market. For the latter and in the framework of Galileo, the NeQuick model has been chosen for correcting the ionospheric error contribution and will be integrated into a global algorithm providing the users with daily updated information.     

Deformation of the ionosphere structure during the space weather events on October–November 2003

We present the spatial maps of the ionosphere–plasmasphere slab thickness τ (ratio of the vertical total electron content, TEC, to the F-region peak electron density, NmF2) during the intense ionospheric storms of October–November 2003. The model-assisted technology for estimate of the upper boundary of the ionosphere, hup, from the slab thickness components in the bottomside and topside ionosphere – eliminating the plasmasphere contribution of τ – is applied at latitudes 35° to 70°N and longitudes −10° to 40°E, from the data of 20 observatories of GPS-TEC and ionosonde networks, for selected days and hours of October and November 2003. The daily–hourly values of NmF2, hmF2 and TECgps are used as the constrained parameters for the International Reference Ionosphere extended to the plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, during the ionospheric quiet days, positive and negative storm phases for estimate of τ and hup. Good correlation has been found between the slab thickness and the upper boundary of the ionosphere for the intense ionospheric storms at October–November 2003. During the negative phase of the ionospheric storm, when the ionospheric plasma density is exhausted, the nighttime upper boundary of the ionosphere is greatly uplifted towards the magnetosphere tail, while the daytime upper boundary of the ionosphere is reduced below 500 km over the Earth.     

Symmetry and asymmetry of ionospheric weather at magnetic conjugate points for two midlatitude observatories

Variations of the ionospheric weather W-index for two midlatitude observatories, namely, Grahamstown and Hermanus, and their conjugate counterpart locations in Africa are studied for a period from October 2010 to December 2011. The observatories are located in the longitude sector, which has consistent magnetic equator and geographic equator so that geomagnetic latitudes of the line of force are very close to the corresponding geographic latitudes providing opportunity to ignore the impact of the difference of the gravitational field and the geomagnetic field at the conjugate points on the ionosphere structure and dynamics. The ionosondes of Grahamstown and Hermanus provide data of the critical frequency (foF2), and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) provide the total electron content (TECgps) along the magnetic field line up to the conjugate point in the opposite hemisphere. The global model of the ionosphere, International Reference Ionosphere, extended to the plasmasphere altitude of 20,200 km (IRI-Plas) is used to deliver the F2 layer peak parameters from TECgps at the magnetic conjugate area. The evidence is obtained that the electron gas heated by day and cooled by night at the summer hemisphere as compared with the opposite features in the conjugate winter hemisphere testifies on a reversal of plasma fluxes along the magnetic field line by the solar terminator. The ionospheric weather W-index is derived from NmF2 (related with foF2) and TECgps data. It is found that symmetry of W-index behavior in the magnetic conjugate hemispheres is dominant for the equinoxes when plasma movement along the magnetic line of force is imposed on symmetrical background electron density and electron content. Asymmetry of the ionospheric storm effects is observed for solstices when the plasma diffuse down more slowly into the colder winter hemisphere than into the warmer summer hemisphere inducing either plasma increase (positive phase) or decrease (negative phase of W-index) in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric plasma density.     

电子照射对硅漂移探测器性能的影响

由于高能电子辐射的长期照射,新一代太阳X射线探测器硅漂移传感器的探测性能可能发生变化.通过用电子放射源模拟空间电子对硅漂移探测器进行辐射照射试验,以测试电子照射对传感器能量分辨率、效率、信号幅度等性能的影响.试验结果表明,长期的电子照射造成硅漂移探测器面损伤和体损伤,使其漏电流增大,信号幅度减小,能量分辨率也受到照射的影响,而探测效率未发生变化.