等离子体气动激励的加速特性研究

进行了静止空气条件下等离子体气动激励加速特性的实验研究与讨论,使用皮托管和粒子图像测速仪分别对诱导气流速度进行了测量与结果分析。实验结果表明:激励参数(激励电压、频率和电极组数目)的改变,对等离子体气动激励的加速特性有不同程度的影响。进行了等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速机理的讨论,证实了等离子体气动激励作为飞行器和动力装置的主动流动控制具有广阔的研究与应用前景。     

客舱地板斜撑杆对民机典型机身段耐撞性能的影响

针对一类具有客舱地板下部斜撑杆的民机典型机身段,研究了斜撑杆对机身段耐撞性能的影响。建立了客舱地板及其下部结构的有限元模型,客舱地板以上的框段结构、乘员质量和座椅被简化为刚性质量块。分析了斜撑杆为开孔/不开孔开剖面结构、斜撑杆剖面尺寸变化以及无斜撑杆和刚性斜撑杆情况下,机身段在坠撞速度为7m/s时的冲击特性。对比分析了各种情况下座椅位置处的加速度-时间历程曲线、机身段的破坏模式和能量吸收情况。结果表明存在合适刚度的斜撑杆,使该类型机身结构具有良好的耐撞毁性能,而增加或减少斜撑杆刚度均有可能产生多次高过载。     

S形加减速的嵌套式前瞻快速算法

前瞻处理功能是现代数控系统的标志性功能之一,前瞻算法设计直接关系到数控机床的加工效率和运动平稳性。针对目前广泛研究的S形加减速前瞻算法复杂、难以满足实时性要求的问题,从工程实现的角度设计了嵌套式自适应前瞻算法。依据S形加减速曲线的对称性建立了速度规划模型,通过对加速度等效曲线逼近提高了模型求解效率,给出了S形速度规划曲线构造和校验两主要运算阶段的解析解。以连续短直线加工为例,给出了完整的嵌套式快速前瞻算法和实例加工验证。实验结果表明,所提出的算法能获得全局最优运动效率,计算量不足传统方法的30%,结果精确,耗时稳定,能满足现代数控系统甚至是高速高精度数控系统对前瞻处理的实时性要求。给出的解析结果对S形加减速模型的求解有通用意义,可适用于连续短直线、二次曲线以及非均匀有理B样条曲线(NURBS)等参数曲线的S形加减速前瞻速度规划。     

大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统研究

针对视觉导航系统对小型化、超分辨成像和近程立体视觉的需求,研究了一种基于微端面光纤面板的大视场紧凑型仿生复眼成像系统。利用视轴发散的微小型透镜组进行大视场成像,并以切削斜端面的光纤面板进行图像传输,将大面阵(5120×5120像素)CMOS相机与光纤面板后端面直接耦合实现图像输出,可实现9个视场部分重叠子孔径图像同步实时输出和采集。在实时化拼接处理中,利用CUDA并行加速方法进行图像拼接,单帧的拼接耗时小于30ms。视场部分重叠复眼成像模式还可配置偏振片或滤光片构成全偏振或多光谱成像,在天空偏振光导航、无人机紧急避障、弹载侦察、近程引信以及水下无人潜航器导航等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

典型喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能的实验研究

为了掌握固体火箭发动机典型喷管喉衬材料的抗过载烧蚀性能,通过地面旋转模拟过载实验系统,开展了20g和30g高横向过载下的三种喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能研究。结果表明,在高横向过载下喷管喉衬会出现偏烧蚀现象,即过载区域喉部烧蚀厚度远大于非过载区域;与非过载区域相比,过载区域喉部烧蚀率显著增大,且过载区域喉部烧蚀率随着横向过载的增加而显著增大,20g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到12.43倍,30g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到20.53倍;在高横向过载下,轴编C/C抗过载烧蚀性能最好,无纬布针刺C/C次之,高强石墨最弱。在高过载和非过载下,喉衬材料的烧蚀性能优劣将发生根本变化,在过载下固体发动机喷管设计过程中应该予以重视。     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

The Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Density Variations on the Particle Energy Spectra in a Reconnecting 3D Current Sheet

Electron and proton acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field is further investigated in a non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (RCS) with a variable plasma density. The tangential B _z and transverse magnetic field components B _x are assumed to vary with the distances x and z from the X nullpoint linearly and exponentially, respectively; the longitudinal component (a ‘guiding field’) is accepted constant. Particles are found to gain a bulk of their energy in a thin region close to the X nullpoint where the RCS density increases with z exponentially with the index λ and the tangential magnetic field B _x also increases with z exponentially with the index α. For the RCS with a constant density (λ = 0), the variations of the tangential magnetic field lead to particle power-law energy spectra with the spectral indices γ₁ being dependent on the exponent α as: for protons and for electrons in a strong guiding field (β > 10⁻²) and for electrons in a moderate or weak guiding field (β > 10⁻⁴). For the RCS with an exponential density increase in the vicinity of the X nullpoint (λ≥ 0) there is a further increase of the resulting spectral indices γ that depends on the density exponent index λ as for protons and for electrons in weaker guiding fields and as for electrons in stronger guiding fields. These dependencies can explain a wide variety (1.5–10) of particle spectral indices observed in solar flares by the variations of a magnetic field topology and physical conditions in a reconnecting region. This can be used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the RCS dynamics from the accelerated particle spectra found from hard X-ray and microwave emission.     

基于Weibull分布的疲劳加速腐蚀因子分析

考虑预腐蚀对飞机结构疲劳寿命的影响,建立了疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布的 加速腐蚀因子确定方法.假设预腐蚀疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布,特征寿命随时间呈指数规 律变化,推导得到了以疲劳寿命为腐蚀量的加速腐蚀因子表达式,以及在工程常用的时间范 围内加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论;进行了相关参数估计,建立了加速腐蚀 因子的估计方法,得到了加速腐蚀因子估计量的近似分布,对其进行了统计分析.      

基于角加速度的陀螺框架伺服系统干扰观测器

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG,Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyro)是大型航天器姿态控制的关键执行机构,影响MSCMG输出力矩准确度的一个关键因素是其框架伺服系统的控制精度.为提高MSCMG框架伺服系统的抗干扰能力和控制精度,提出了一种基于角加速度的干扰观测器.其设计思想是:卡尔曼滤波器利用角位置估计出角速度并送往状态观测器以获取准确的角加速度,角加速度和电流作为干扰观测器的输入以获得补偿电流,补偿电流加到电流环的输入端以补偿各种干扰.干扰观测器结构简单,抗干扰能力强.实验表明:该方法有效地提高了MSCMG框架伺服系统的角速度精度与稳定度.     

过载约束下的大机动目标协同拦截

研究了非线性拦截几何下具有过载约束的多枚弱机动能力的导弹拦截强机动能力的目标的协同拦截问题。首先，在建立导弹的可达域、导弹的可行域以及目标的逃逸域这3个概念的基础上提出了非线性拦截几何下的基于逃逸域覆盖的协同拦截策略，并提出了基于标准弹道的设计方法。然后，给出了协同拦截制导律的形式，研究了导弹的末制导初始阵位、制导律参数以及导弹对目标机动的覆盖区域这三者间的关系，并设计了数值求解算法来实现对多弹的覆盖区域的分配、协同制导律的设计以及多弹初始拦截阵位的配置。最后，对理论结果进行仿真。结果显示，多枚机动性较小的导弹，通过初始拦截阵位的合理配置和协同拦截制导律的合理设计，可以实现对机动性能较强的目标的协同拦截。