编队对地攻击作战效能分析

以马尔可夫理论为基础,运用全概率公式建立了飞机编队对地攻击的动态模型;评估了任务成功率等作战效能指标;给出了飞机对地攻击作战效能的计算实例。结果表明所建模型客观描述了对地攻击作战的实质。     

基于信息熵的舰艇编队反导作战效能

介绍了利用信息熵描述交战网络中信息总量的方法。根据作战任务实际完成时间与期望完成时间之间的关系描述了信息传递的质量。说明提高网络中信息总量可以缩小反舰导弹所在的不确定区域;提高信息传递质量可以提高舰艇编队反导作战预警雷达的探测概率,并结合具体作战想定给出实例仿真结果。     

基于伴随非等温射流理论的缝槽气膜冷却模型

在伴随非等温射流基础上发展了一种适用于缝槽气膜冷却绝热温比预估的数学模型.通过合理假设推导出二维壁面射流混合层核心温度分布规律,将其作为气膜绝热壁温,并考虑缝槽几何特征参数和气膜吹风比对冷却效率的影响,得到绝热温比计算公式.用试验数据对该预估模型进行拟合分析,得到了与试验数据拟合精度在±8%以内的半经验预估模型,证明该模型的可行性和应用潜力,并需要更多的试验数据对其进行验证和改进.      

飞机综合航电系统总体设计综合评估方法

 航空电子系统的费用 效能是飞机总体系统效能的重要组成部分,也是降低飞机寿命周期费用的关键之一。在航空电子系统的总体设计阶段,传统的系统评估和优化方法主要针对的是独立子系统/设备的费用或效能指标。综合航电系统设计方案的费用 效能重要指标包括：可支付性、构型能力、任务能力、可靠性、维修性、测试性和技术风险,以组合的方式获得了相应的综合评估准则,给出了计算公式。以某新研航电系统作为实例演示了综合评估方法的实施情况,演示的重点集中于总体设计方案的可视化量化评估分析。该综合评估方法已显示出其在实际工程设计中的可行性和应用价值。     

Autonomous Control Reconfiguration of Aerospace Vehicle Based on Control Effectiveness Estimation

未来空天飞行器跨空天两域飞行,要求有较高的自主性以适应由故障和环境变化带来的不确定因素。针对空天飞行器的不确定性,提出了自主控制重构方案。研究了线性模型的时变控制效益的估计方法,提出并证明了效益矩阵可估计的充分条件,给出了相应的算法并证明了其收敛性和对噪声的鲁棒性;提出了基于线性规划和模糊逻辑的控制分配算法,通过冗余效应器实现了不确定条件下的自主控制重构。系统集成和仿真结果分析验证了方案和算法的有效性。     

航天器舷窗玻璃超高速撞击损伤与M/OD撞击风险评估

用北京卫星环境工程研究所的18mm口径二级轻气炮(TLGG)和20 J激光驱动微小飞片装置(LDFF-20)对用作航天器舷窗玻璃的熔融石英玻璃的超高速撞击损伤特性进行了实验研究和分析.其中,TLGG发射的球形铝弹丸直径分别为1 mm和3 mm,速度2～6.5 km/s;LDFF-20发射的圆柱形飞片厚度7 μm,直径1 mm,速度1～8.3 km/s.撞击结果为:对12 mm厚的熔融石英玻璃,直径为3mm的弹丸甚至在2.8 km/s的低速下就将其穿透,而直径为1 mm的弹丸在6.5km/s的高速下没有穿透,这说明弹丸直径对撞击损伤特性有很强的影响;LDFF-20发射的微小飞片的撞击仅在玻璃表面产生很浅的凹坑,没有裂纹产生,但微小飞片的累积撞击损伤明显地降低了玻璃的透光性.实验初步获得了侵彻深度PC、侵彻直径D1与弹丸撞击速度Vp、弹丸质量Mp之间的经验关系.依据实验结果和目前的微流星体/空间碎片(M/OD)环境工程模型,建议对于高度为400 km、轨道倾角42°、寿命为3年的典型航天器,其舷窗玻璃的临界安全(非穿透)厚度至少为12mm.     

正撞击下双层墙结构防护屏防护性能仿真研究

文章利用AUTODYN软件对铝合金球形弹丸正撞击双层墙防护结构进行了仿真研究,比较了双层墙防护结构中铝合金材料和复合材料防护屏的防护性能。结果表明:在相同的面密度和构型下,双层墙防护结构中铝合金防护屏的防护效果优于复合材料防护屏。     

基于改进FCM的北斗三频组合观测值选取

以北斗卫星导航系统三频双差为基础探讨了组合观测值及误差,针对以往采用聚类方法在研究GPS三频组合数据过程中的不足,提出了基于距离修正的增量模糊C均值算法.通过调节因子有效地修正了样本中心与聚类中心的距离,获得合理的隶属度,从而得到正确的分类;构造了基于距离修正的聚类有效性指标,自动获取最佳聚类数,避免了人为确定聚类数的不合理性;在此基础上引入增量的思想,数据增加时以原有的数据集为基础,根据阈值进行归类,不需要重新进行初始计算.通过矩阵变换法及实例验证了该方法的可行性和可靠性.     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

民航飞机放行评估实验教学方法研究

飞机放行评估是航空公司进行运行控制的一项重要内容,它直接决定了航空公司运行和服务的质量。文中通过对中国民航大学现有的教学资源和现用的教学方法进行介绍,并进一步提出改革建议,从而有助于更好地搭建实验平台,提高教学质量。