基于故障机理和伪失效寿命的 电子产品剩余寿命预测

针对传统电子产品可靠性评估中存在的不足,提出了一种基于故障机理和伪失效寿命的电子产品剩余寿命预测方法。首先,基于电子产品的故障模式、故障机理分析,确定产品敏感性能参数;然后,对敏感参数退化量进行监测,建立电子产品退化轨迹模型,利用最大似然法估计其参数;最后,根据电子产品退化轨迹,设定故障阈值,得到电子产品寿命分布。通过仿真表明,该方法评估精度较高,对电子产品的可靠性评估有一定的参考价值。     

某型发动机涡轮转子温度和应力测试研究

为确保某型发动机的安全使用,通过对该发动机涡轮转子的温度和动应力进行实测,据此对涡轮转子叶片和盘进行强度和寿命计算。对涡轮转子的叶片和盘进行强度初步计算,确定应力最大点,在发动机实际工作状态下,得到测试部位的实际温度和动应力;利用测试结果,计算确定涡轮转子叶片和盘的疲劳寿命。该研究首次得到了涡轮转子叶片和盘的温度和动应力数据。计算结果表明:涡轮转子叶片的寿命不低于2000 h,涡轮盘的寿命不低于5000 h。     

缺口件振动疲劳寿命预测的频域法和时域法的比较与分析

以缺口件为研究对象,在窄带信号下分别采用频域法和时域法预测缺口件的振动疲劳寿命。频域法选用Rayleigh模型和Dirlik模型作为应力变程概率密度p(S)模型,采用Miner累积损伤准则计算振动疲劳寿命。时域法通过傅里叶逆变换将结构危险点处的应力响应功率谱密度函数转为应力-时间历程样本,采用雨流循环计数结合Miner累积损伤准则,得到一个疲劳寿命样本,计算多个样本取均值作为振动疲劳寿命。计算结果和试验结果表明:时域法的精度较高,但工作量较大;选用 Rayieigh 模型和 Dirlik 模型的频域法预测寿命精度接近,比时域法的精度略差,但工作量较小。     

Thoughts and Research on Technical Economic Design of the Equipment

装备在研制阶段的设计方案决策和研制工作,决定了其全寿命周期费用的 90%,在装备研制阶段开展目标价格管理和技术经济性设计是提高装备经济可承受性的关键。但目前装备技术经济性设计仍存在认知不够、建设能力不足、投入不足等问题。针对上述问题进行分析,提出相应措施辅助建立装备经济性管理新模式以实现装备的经济可承受性。     

航空发动机涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命研究

结合某型涡轴发动机一级涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命研究的工程实践,阐述了对涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命研究的一般过程和方法,提出了涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验的加载程序和方法,对开展同类型的涡轮盘疲劳寿命研究具有借鉴作用。     

某系列发动机压气机转子叶片技术寿命研究

提出了1种基于"叶片剩余振动疲劳强度储备"概念的寿命预估法.在大量的计算分析和试验基础上,综合考虑叶片低循环疲劳寿命、稳态应力、构件的实际疲劳强度衰减规律、实测振动应力等因素,并结合外场使用情况,对压气机转子叶片进行了寿命综合评估.该方法已应用在某系列发动机压气机转子叶片技术寿命研究中,对压气机转子叶片寿命的研究而言是一次有益的探索.     

基于混合Gamma分布的通用可靠性寿命数据拟合方法

 可靠性寿命数据分析是可靠性工程研究的重要基础。目前对于可靠性寿命数据分析的研究存在两个主要问题:一是凭经验选择的概率分布严重依赖于人的主观判断,不能保证所选分布的适用性;二是常用分布拟合能力有限,在很多情况下不能满足寿命数据处理的需要。针对这两个问题,在混合Gamma分布稠密性的基础上,提出了一种通用的可靠性寿命数据拟合方法,给出了基于期望极大化(EM)算法的混合Gamma分布的参数估计方法,并通过6个拟合实例验证了该方法的有效性。最后,结合WP-7乙型航空发动机I级导叶片故障数据分析问题,开展了应用研究,并且与目前常用的方法进行了对比。     

Service life prediction of AP/Al/HTPB solid rocket propellant with consideration of softening aging behavior

The aging behavior of softening composite solid propellant was investigated by measuring its mechanical and ballistic prosperities during prolonged storage at elevated and room temperatures. Accelerated aging was conducted at 65 °C for 231 days while the normal aging was performed at 25 ± 3 °C and relative humidity less than 50% for 8 years. The mechanical properties were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests for the aged propellant specimens while the ballistic properties were determined from static firing tests of subscale motors aged for 112 days at 65 °C. The mechanical results show that the maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus initially increase and subsequently decrease with increasing aging time, while the maximum tensile strain generally increases with increasing aging time. The ballistic properties like burning rate show a small change which cannot affect the ballistic performance. The experimental results show that the changes in the mechanical properties are significant during the aging period, but the burning rate does not undergo significant changes. From this study, it is observed that the propellant ages through a combination of reactions like post-cure, oxidative cross-linking, chain scission, and hydrolysis. The chain scission and the hydrolysis effect are the most significant process, which makes the propellant soft and extendible. The observed aging mechanism has been modeled using an exponential function with two terms which can describe the complex behavior of the aging. By applying Arrhenius equation,the activation energy values were obtained based on the propellant mechanical properties. The shelf life of this propellant formulation at 25 °C is predicted to be 13 years using the modulus as failure criteria and control parameter.     

Tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants,representing the higher plant compartment in bioregenerative life support systems,to super-optimal air temperatures

Plants intended to be included in the photosynthesizing compartment of the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) need to be studied in terms of both their production parameters under optimal conditions and their tolerance to stress factors that might be caused by emergency situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants to the super-optimal air temperature of 45 ± 1 °C as dependent upon PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) intensity and the duration of the exposure to the stress factor. Chufa plants were grown hydroponically, on expanded clay, under artificial light. The nutrient solution was Knop’s mineral medium. Until the plants were 30 days old, they had been grown at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and air temperature 25 °C. Thirty-day-old plants were exposed to the temperature 45 °C for 6 h, 20 h, and 44 h at PAR intensities 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The exposure to the damaging air temperature for 44 h at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR caused irreversible damage to PSA, resulting in leaf mortality. In chufa plants exposed to heat shock treatment at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR for 6 h and 20 h, respiration exceeded photosynthesis, and CO₂ release in the light was recorded. Functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus, estimated from parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem 2 (PS 2), decreased 40% to 50%. After the exposure to the stress factor was finished, functional activity of PSA recovered its initial values, and apparent photosynthesis (P_apparent) rate after a 20-h exposure to the stress factor was 2.6 times lower than before the elevation of the temperature. During the first hours of plant exposure to the temperature 45 °C at 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, respiration rate was higher than photosynthesis rate, but after 3–4 h of the exposure, photosynthetic processes exceeded oxidative ones and CO₂ absorption in the light was recorded. At the end of the 6-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to that recorded prior to the exposure, and no significant changes were observed in the functional activity of PSA. At the end of the 20-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to its initial value, but certain parameters of the functional activity of PSA decreased 25% vs. their initial values. During the repair period, the parameters of external gas exchange recovered their initial values, and parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were 20–30% higher than their initial values. Thus, exposure of chufa plants to the damaging temperature of the air for 20 h did not cause any irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants at either 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ or 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, and higher PAR intensity during the heat shock treatment enhanced heat tolerance of the plants.     

用比值法计算材料及其机件的疲劳损伤

提出了在非对称循环加载下描述材料弹塑性材料行为的损伤演变速率方程式与各个历程与不同损伤量DCi相对应的寿命NCi估算式。其方法是采用以塑性应变幅同弹性应变幅之比值ΔEp／Δεe作为应力应变参量，以常用的材料常数作为材料参数。而且，还提出了与常用材料常数、平均应力与平均应变、加载临界历程长短有着函数关系的综合性材料常数的新概念。此外，以汽车的某一零件为例，计算了它的疲劳损伤。其计算结果与Landgraf方程式计算结果一致，且计算精度较高。这对避免过多而重复的疲劳试验，对方便工程应用，对节约人力、时间和资金有着实际意义。