布雷顿与斯特林联合循环ECOP性能分析

以反映热机循环输出和损失之比的生态学性能系数ECOP为目标,用有限时间热力学的方法分析了具有热阻、热漏的布雷顿与斯特林联合循环的性能;导出了在牛顿传热律下布雷顿循环的ECOP的解析式,并通过数值算例得到了它们之间的关系;分析并研究了各种参数对联合循环性能的影响。     

塔里木河中游地区水土资源生态安全评价

水土资源的安全程度和承载能力直接关系到区域的社会经济发展和生态系统安全,二者对生态格局的演变产生深刻的影响.以塔里木河中游地区的轮台县为例,从水土资源安全的角度出发,构建了研究区的生态安全评价指标体系,并且在GIS、RS和其他数据资料的支持下,对研究区1992-2008年16a间的生态安全状况进行了评价.研究认为：塔里木河中游地区的生态安全状况已由预警区转至中警区,生态环境整体上处于不断恶化的趋势.     

生态文明与中国特色社会主义关系研究述评

自生态文明理念提出以来,国内外学术界对生态文明及其相关问题进行了深入且具有开创性的研究和探索,并取得了大量的理论成果.文章对国内生态文明的研究以及生态文明与中国特色社会主义关系的研究现状进行分析与梳理,指出现有研究中所存在的问题并作简要评论.     

马克思恩格斯生态文明思想的当代解读

环境问题的日益凸显使很多学者开始从文化角度对其进行反思,根本的一点就是如何重新审视和确立人与自然的关系。马克思恩格斯科学地揭示了人与自然的辩证关系,形成了马克思主义的生态文明思想。梳理马克思恩格斯的生态文明思想,对反思当代环境问题具有一定的现实意义。     

利用“杠杆”搭配解决财务资源过剩的研究——基于稳健财务思想

我国部分上市公司中存在着大量闲置的财务资源，流动性水平居高不下，致使资金效率降低，损害股东利益和公司的可持续发展。从稳健财务思想出发，通过财务杠杆和经营杠杆的适当调整与搭配，理顺上市公司财务资源合理配置路径，为我国上市公司解决财务资源过剩和资本结构优化提供一些有价值的参考。     

Development of a ground-based space micro-algae photo-bioreactor

The purpose of the research is to develop a photo-bioreactor which may produce algae protein and oxygen for future astronauts in comparatively long-term exploration, and remove carbon dioxide in a controlled ecological life support system. Based on technical parameters and performance requirements, the project planning, design drafting, and manufacture were conducted. Finally, a demonstration test for producing algae was done. Its productivity for micro-algae and performance of the photo-bioreactor were evaluated. The facility has nine subsystems, including the reactor, the illuminating unit, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) production unit and oxygen (O₂) generation unit, etc. The demonstration results showed that the facility worked well, and the parameters, such as energy consumption, volume, and productivity for algae, met with the design requirement. The density of algae in the photo-bioreactor increased from 0.174 g (dry weight) L⁻¹ to 4.064 g (dry weight) L⁻¹ after 7 days growth. The principle of providing CO₂ in the photo-bioreactor for algae and removing O₂ from the culture medium was suitable for the demand of space conditions. The facility has reasonable technical indices, and smooth and dependable performances.     

The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems

To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m² with a combined volume of 200,000 m³ with a total water capacity of some 6 × 10⁶ L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m³ volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m² – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 10⁶ L, soil with 1 to 2 × 10⁶ l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 10⁵ L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 10⁵ L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 10³ L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 10⁴ L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m³ day⁻¹ (240–290 gal d⁻¹). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility.     

试论袁世凯的社会教育理念及实施

袁世凯对近代中国的教育有着至关重要的影响,他不但重视学校教育的改革和新式学校的创办,同时也积极推广近代社会教育事业.袁世凯及其政府极其重视社会教育,颁布了许多与社会教育相关的规程和政策,同时在袁世凯的倡议和推动下,出版了很多介绍西方科学文化知识及其政要的报刊读物,并开设了相应的阅报处,以便民众阅读.此外,许多地区和组织...     

也谈关于科研的话题

阐述作者对科研工作的体会,从5个方面说明作为一名科研工作者所应持有的原则和理念,佐以实例简要地阐明其重要性和影响,以供科技工作者参考。     

无人机航拍野生动物智能检测与统计方法综述

近年来无人机航拍技术逐步应用于野生动物保护,在很大程度上提高了考察效率。由于航拍图像与地面拍摄图像的特征差异较大,加之野生动物生存环境背景复杂,目前没有通用的方法可直接应用于野生动物航拍图像的检测与统计。本文回顾了智能检测和统计技术近年来的发展,针对无人机航拍野生动物图像的大场景、小目标、多尺度、复杂背景等特点,介绍了无人机航拍动物群数据集的选取与建立方法,以及基于深度学习的检测与统计方法,并进行了深层次地分析,归纳了各类方法的优势和可应用场景,总结了各方法的特点和适用范围,同时针对存在的问题给出了改进方向。