磨削加工的计算机模拟技术

由于磨粒形状和分布的随机性,使得预测磨削加工的结果难以实现。计算机模拟作为一种预测技术可望使磨削过程得到控制。本文从单颗磨粒出发利用计算机模拟技术来研究磨削加工过程。首先建立了砂轮地貌、磨削运动的描述、磨削力、磨削温度和砂轮磨损等模拟模型。在此基础上,在HP-1000小型机上开发了模拟软件。该软件能根据输入的磨削条件来模拟磨削加工过程,并以图表和曲线形式输出磨削结果。输出参数除了磨削基本参数外,还包括磨削力和磨削功率、表面粗糙度、磨削温度和砂轮的径向磨损等。最后把模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,比较结果表明两者基本一致,这证明了模拟技术对磨削机理的研究和磨削结果的预测是行之有效的。     

单边非对称螺杆齿形曲线及铣刀计算公式的统一形式

将文献［１］，［２］中推导出的各段公式归纳为统一的形式。介绍一种求解接触方程的方法，并附有一个计算实例图。     

三维粗糙表面的高阶谱分析

在分析二维的功率谱、自相关函数的基础上,利用三阶累积量的对角线切片,提出了一种可用于表征三维粗糙表面度偏离高斯分布程度的双谱分析方法,并通过对几种典型精密加工试件的实验,表明了该方法的合理性。     

三维表面形貌的功能评定方法

三维表面形貌受生成机理的影响 ,与表面功能密切相关 ,对表面的功能评定至关重要。论述了三维表面功能评定的各种方法 ,如最小二乘多项式拟合、滤波、Motif法和分形方法 ,并分析归纳了存在的问题和发展趋势。     

The contribution of local gravimetric geoid models to the calibration of satellite altimetry data and an outlook of the latest GOCE GGM performance in Gavdos

The use of geoid heights has been one of the available methodologies utilized for the independent calibration/validation of altimeters on-board satellites. This methodology has been employed for long in the Gavdos dedicated cal/val facility (Crete, Greece), where calibration results for the Jason satellites have been estimated, both for ascending and descending passes. The present work gives a detailed overview of the methodology followed in order to estimate a high-resolution and accuracy gravimetric geoid model for the wider Gavdos area, in support of the on-going calibration work. To estimate the geoid model, the well-known remove-compute-restore method is used while residual geoid heights are estimated through least-squares collocation so that associated errors are determined as well. It is found that the estimated formal geoid errors from LSC along passes 018 and 109 of Jason satellites, used for the bias estimation, range between ±0.8–1.6 cm. The so-derived geoid heights are employed in the determination of the Jason-2 altimeter bias for all available cycles (cycles 1-114, spanning the period from July 2008 to August 2011) together with the RioMed DOT model. From the results acquired the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +196.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +161.9 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018. Within the same frame, the GOCE/GRACE-based geopotential model GOCO02s has been used to estimate the mean dynamic ocean topography and the steady-state circulation in the area around Gavdos. The so-derived DOT model was used to estimate the Jason-2 bias in an effort to evaluate the performance of satellite-only geoid models and investigate whether their spatial resolution and accuracy provides some improvement w.r.t. traditional local gravimetric geoids. From the results acquired with geoid heights from GOCO02s, the estimated Jason-2 bias deviates significantly from that of the local gravimetric model, which can be attributed to a possible mean offset and the low resolution of GOCE-based GGMs. On the other hand, when the newly estimated GOCE-based DOT was employed with geoid heights from the local gravimetric geoid model, the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +185.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +130.2 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018.     

航空发动机涡轮榫接结构齿形基本参数研究

通过大量有限元分析和优化设计数值计算方法研究了楔形角、榫头颈宽、榫槽高度、上侧角、下侧角及拉削角等齿形基本参数对榫接结构强度的影响,并根据计算结果设计了新的结构模型,经过实验验证,新结构最大应力有所改善.研究表明,可以采用二维有限元分析结果来研究齿形基本参数对榫接结构应力分布的影响,但是其不能反映应力在轴向方向的变化.     

砂轮形貌的激光功率谱特性及其检测

阐述了砂轮形貌的理论功率谱图象、实际功率谱图象及其功率谱特性，获得了砂轮形貌的特征参数与激光功率图象的对应关系。根据上述的理论分析，设计了激光功率谱法检测砂轮形貌的采样原理及检测装置。采用时，将砂轮一圈划分为２５６个等分点，每一点均进行功率谱型的采样；为检测方便，在对称的功率谱图象一侧采集８个点的光强，共获得由８个数据组成的２５６个离散功率谱型。通过对离散功率谱型的计算自理最后由检测装置打印出砂轮     

三维表面微观形貌的测量方法

分析了表面结构的形成过程及其分类 ,介绍了目前在 3D微观形貌测量过程中广泛使用的触针法、扫描探针显微镜和几种光学方法的基本原理、测量范围、分辨力等特性。最后指出了 3D分析技术的现状和将来的发展趋势。     

硼酸铝晶须增强铝复合材料切削性能的试验研究

通过对比切削试验,得到了新型工程材料－硼酸铝晶须增强复合材料切削加工的基本规律：（１）切削用量三要素按ａｐ,ｆ,ｖｅ次依减小影响切削力;（２）切削力Ｆｃ比切削４５＾＃钢小３０％,但背向力Ｆｐ则大７０％（３）从减小切削力和后刀面磨损值ＶＢｍａｘ考虑,Ｋ类硬质合金较适宜。     

Al2O3/ZrO2(n)微纳米复合陶瓷超声振动精密磨削表面微观特征试验研究

 基于Al₂O₃/ZrO₂（n）微纳米复合陶瓷的“晶内型”微观结构，应用原子力显微镜(AFM)重点分析了微 纳米复合陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表面微观形貌。结合磨削表面X射线衍射定性分析与定量计算，研究了“晶内型”微纳米复合陶瓷材料超精密振动磨削表面变质层结构。X射线衍射分析表明：二维振动磨削和普通磨削表面均以α-Al₂O₃和四方相ZrO₂为主，存在少量单斜相ZrO₂，磨削表面无非晶相产生；磨削表层和基体之间的过渡层的X射线衍射峰具有半峰宽化现象。AFM分析结果表明：细粒度金刚石砂轮普通磨削和振动磨削表面均无微裂纹和断裂破碎，磨削表面粗糙度是由不同幅值的多种波形叠加的结果；AFM轮廓特征分析表明：二维超声振动磨削表面峰谷较均匀，磨削表面均匀一致性优于普通磨削表面；材料晶化过程中产生的固有缺陷是限制硬脆材料近纳米表面形成的重要因素。