直升机全量飞行动力学数值仿真模型及其实现

论述了一种通用的直升机飞行动力学全量数值仿真模型及其实现，该模型有６个机体自由度和３个旋翼自由度。以旋翼系统的仿真为重点，将直升机旋翼的气动力和力矩通过沿半径和方位角的解析积方求得，并计入了旋翼挥舞动力学的影响。仿真模型以某型直升机为算例，并加入了增稳系统，对仿真模型飞行特性进行了初步的验证，结果表明，所述模型思路是正确的。     

Mapping orbits with low station keeping costs for constellations of satellites based on the integral over the time of the perturbing forces

The present paper is concerned with the search for orbits that have potential to require low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers for constellations of satellites. The method used to study this problem is based on the integral over the time of the undesired perturbing forces. This integral measures the change of velocity caused by the perturbation forces acting on the satellite, so mapping orbits that are less perturbed, which generates good candidates for orbits that requires low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers. The integral over the time depends only on the orbit of the spacecraft and the dynamical system considered. The type of engine and the control technique applied to the spacecraft are not considered to search for those orbits. It can be a good strategy to be applied for a first mapping of orbits. For this search, it is analyzed the integral of orbits with different values of the Keplerian elements in order to find the best ones with respect to this criterion. The perturbations considered are the ones caused by the third body, which includes the Sun and the Moon, and the J₂ term of the geopotential. The results presented here show numerical simulations to obtain the integral of those perturbing forces for different orbits. The GPS and the Molniya constellations are used as examples for those calculations.     

对接过程中捕获锁质量和锁合面间隙影响分析

采用弹性接触动力学有限元和多刚体动力学方法分别对航天器对接接触碰撞过程和对接机构捕获、缓冲与校正过程进行了数值模拟,对比分析了捕获锁质量对捕获过程的影响及捕获锁锁合面间隙对捕获后对接过程的影响。从仿真结果可以看出,附加质量有利于主、被动对接环之间形成接触滑移,捕获后锁合面间隙引起两飞行器间相对速度震荡,并延迟了碰撞力和缓冲时间。     

Stability of spinning satellite under axial thrust and internal mass motion

This paper considers a spinning rigid body and a particle with internal motion under axial thrust. This model is helpful for gaining insights into the nutation anomalies that occurred near the end of orbit injections performed by STAR-48 rocket motors. The stability of this system is investigated by means of linearized equations about a uniform spin reference state. In this model, a double root does not necessarily imply instability. The resulting stability condition defines a manifold in the parameter space. A detailed study of this manifold and the parameter space shows that the envelope of the constant solutions is in fact the stability boundary. Only part of the manifold defines a physical system and the range of frequency values that make the system unstable is restricted. Also it turns out that an increase of the spring stiffness, which restrains the internal motion, does not necessarily increase the stability margin. The application of the model is demonstrated using the orbit injection data of ESA's Ulysses satellite in 1990.     

等效力矩导数模型及其在飞行仿真中的应用

为了对设计初期或国外的等数据不足的飞机进行六自由度仿真,根据等效系统的思路,建立了等效力矩导数模型,提供了等效力矩导数的计算过程。验证表明,等效力矩导数模型可用于评估设计方案或指导飞行控制系统设计。     

Regional Response of the Climate System to Solar Forcing: The Role of the Ocean

A coupled climate model is used to explore the regional response of the climate system to solar forcing, with emphasis on the role of the ocean. It is shown that both the transient and the equilibrium response of surface temperature to changes in total solar irradiation is smaller over ocean than over land because of the ocean’s large heat capacity and the feedback involving evaporation. Furthermore, the advection of temperature anomalies and changes in ocean currents have an impact on the timing and the geographical distribution of the response. Nevertheless, at regional scales, the response to the forcing is embedded within the large internal variability of the system making the detection and analysis of the forced response difficult. Furthermore, this forced response could imply both changes in the mean state of the system as well as in its variability.     

伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机操稳特性的影响

运用经典的叶素法和一阶谐波理论,推导了计入气动干扰的伺服小翼挥舞动力学方程,建立了带有伺服小翼的小型共轴式直升机飞行动力学模型,以在研的某小型共轴式无人直升机为研究对象,通过数值法计算了该型直升机的稳定性导数和操纵导数。结合直升机的飞行试验,分析了不同安装形式的伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性的影响。研究表明:伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性有较大的影响,不同安装形式的伺服小翼对直升机的影响不同,其中采用上旋翼加装伺服小翼的直升机操稳特性较好。     

On the stability of flexible aircraft

The problem of aircraft stability has been a subject of concern since the beginnings of flight. Traditionally, aircraft stability has been treated within the confines of two separate disciplines, namely, flight dynamics and aeroelasticity. Based on some recent developments in the dynamics and control of flexible aircraft, this investigation uses the system concept to provide a broader approach to aircraft stability in an attempt to bridge the gap between stability as understood in flight dynamics and stability as envisioned in aeroelasticity. To this end, stability is studied in the following four cases: 1) dynamics of whole flexible aircraft using the unified formulation, 2) flight dynamics of quasi-rigid aircraft (aircraft treated as rigid), 3) aeroelasticity of flexible components, such as cantilever wing, cantilever horizontal stabilizer, etc., and 4) aeroelasticity of restrained flexible aircraft (aircraft fixed to a point, hence, having no rigid body degrees of freedom). The paper also presents a method to address the stability of flexible aircraft when the compressibility correction factor is known only at some discrete Mach numbers.     

Dynamics and operation optimization of partial space elevator with multiple climbers

This work studies the dynamics and optimal stabilization method of a partial space elevator (PSE) system with multiple climbers. All satellites and climbers are assumed as lumped masses that are connected by straight, massless, and inextensible tethers. A general dynamic model is derived for the PSE with multiple climbers. It is found different climber moving patterns of climbers have major influence of dynamic behavior of PSE. Optimal control is used to develop optimal operation modes to suppress the libration of PSE with multiple climbers. Moreover, a new operation mode is proposed to approach the desired mission objectives. It is found that all libration angles can be suppressed to zero by the end of the transfer period if two climbers can be kept at a constant speed. At the same time, the magnitudes of libration angles can be kept bounded by regulating the speed of the middle climber relative to other two climbers.     

Results of analysis of human impact on environment using the time series of vegetation satellite images around large industrial centers

The paper shows the efficiency of an application of the vegetation index image time series to determine long-term vegetation dynamics. The influence of large industrial centers of Siberia on the near-by vegetation is demonstrated. The analysis of the data shows that the influence of industrial waste is stronger in the Siberian North. These regions are characterized by critical conditions for vegetation existence. In the south of the Krasnoyarsk region, human impact is also important, but the possibility of vegetation self-rehabilitation is higher. The present-day economic situation in Russia is unique, with a temporary abrupt fall of industrial production and its following increase. Thus, we managed to analyze the degree of human impact on the environment within a relatively short-time interval.