高温变形参数对TC6钛合金微观组织的影响研究

在热模拟实验和金相实验的基础上,研究了变形参数(变形温度、应变速率、变形程度)对TC6钛合金微观组织的影响。研究结果表明:变形温度对TC6钛合金的变形组织有着显著影响。在两相区,随着变形温度的升高,组织中初生相的含量在减少,而相晶粒的尺寸有先增大后减小的趋势。应变速率对TC6钛合金变形组织中初生相的形态和尺寸有较大影响。较大的应变速率能促进变形时的动态再结晶,有利于晶粒的细化。变形程度存在着一临界值,当超过这一临界值后,变形程度的增加有利于晶粒的细化。     

一种变应变速率组合的TiAl合金细晶方法探讨

提出了一种先低后高的变应变速率组合等温压缩细晶方法,通过两次连续变形,得到70%以上变形量而不产生裂纹,获得了良好的细晶效果。流变应力曲线出现明显的动态软化现象,其机制为动态再结晶;在采用低应变速率进行第一次变形后,由于动态再结晶的发生,使第二次高应变速率变形时,应力降低并且可以获得较大变形量,晶粒细化充分;在两次变形之间增加保温处理,可以使细小动态再结晶晶粒得到静态球化,使细晶程度提高。     

涡轴发动机动力涡轮转子动力特性研究

应用有限元方法建立了某新型涡轴发动机动力涡轮转子动力特性的计算模型,对转子在不同情况下的动力特性——临界转速、振型和不平衡响应分别进行了系统的计算分析,得到了转子的前5阶临界转速、前5阶主振型和前两阶不平衡响应曲线,并计算了平衡卡箍对转子动力特性的影响。试验表明:计算模型能真实反映转子的动力特性。研究结果为转子的后续高速动平衡试验提供了参考和依据。      

一种估算测扭基准轴不平衡量的试验方法

对涡轴发动机动力涡轮转子测扭基准轴的不平衡量进行了研究,提出了一种通过高速动平衡试验估算出测扭基准轴不平衡量的试验方法.结果表明测扭基准轴的不平衡量虽然不是转子高速动平衡的决定性因素,但影响到传动轴的动平衡.因此,控制测扭基准轴的不平衡量仍然是有必要的.最终提出一些合理的建议.     

发动机榫头/榫槽接触问题的可靠性形状优化设计

在结构可靠性形状优化的基础上，推导了接触问题随机有限元的灵敏度解析分析表达式，给出了优化分析的基本步骤，并对某发动机燕尾型榫头／榫槽接触结构，选取榫头齿颈宽和齿面倾斜角为设计变量，以榫头最大拉伸应力、齿面挤压应力及可靠度指标为约束条件，对榫头边界上节点的最大当量应力进行了优化分析。结果表明，优化后榫头和榫槽接触面上的接触压力、当量应力及可靠度指标的分布更加均匀，验证了优化分析模型的合理性及所提出的可靠性形状优化设计方法的有效性，为榫头／榫槽的结构设计提供有价值的参考。     

直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性系统的动稳定性分析

为了准确反映直升机旋翼／机体耦合系统的动稳定性，建立了旋翼／机体耦合非线性动力学微分方程，在时域内求解微分方程得到各片桨叶的挥舞、摆振及机体的响应用以对系统进行数值模拟；为了获得系统稳定性的定量值，用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)确定模态频率，用基于傅立叶级数的移动矩形窗方法得到模态阻尼。地面共振分析表明，时域分析与特征值分析结果具有良好的相关性，并与试验值吻合，从而验证了该方法的有效性。大总距时，用时域分析得到的模态阻尼与试验值吻合得更好，该方法可用于具有非线性减摆器的直升机旋翼／机体耦合系统的动稳定性分析。     

Gravity Field Recovery from GRACE: Unique Aspects of the High Precision Inter-Satellite Data and Analysis Methods

The very high accuracy of the Doppler and range measurements between the two low-flying and co-orbiting spacecraft of the GRACE mission, which will be at the μm/sec and ≈10 μm levels respectively, requires that special procedures be applied in the processing of these data. Parts of the existing orbit determination and gravity field parameters retrieval methods and software must be modified in order to fully benefit from the capabilities of this mission. This is being done in the following areas: (i) numerical integration of the equations of motion (summed form, accuracy of the predictor-corrector loop, Encke's formulation): (ii) special inter-satellite dynamical parameterization for very short arcs; (iii) accurate solution of large least-squares problems (normal equations vs. orthogonal decomposition of observation equations); (iv) handling the observation equations with high accuracy. Theoretical concepts and first tests of some of the newly implemented algorithms are presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于发动机非线性响应的辨识线性模型方法

研究利用航空发动机的非线性响应，辩识多个基准状态下线性模型的方法。将发动机的非线性动态模型描述为Volterra级数模型，利用一种鲁棒的自适应辨识算法实现它的辩识，将模型的高阶部分去掉，就得到了发动机的小偏差脉冲响应函数模型，然后可将其转化为其它形式的线性动态模型。利用某型涡扇发动机仿真对方法进行检验，求出若干基准状态下的线性模型，对比表明，得到的线性模型比较准确。可实现利用飞参数据辨识发动机多状态的线性模型。     

飞机滑行动态响应分析

采用时域确定性方法,建立了机身-起落架系统分析模型,分析了飞机在不平跑道上滑行的动态响应,并对某机型采用不同形式减震器———常油孔及变油孔的情况进行了计算、分析和比较。结果表明,变油孔设计能够明显改善飞机滑行的动态性能。