无人机路径规划中的环境和威胁模型研究

为了提高无人机执行任务时的突防能力,在进行飞行路径规划时必须对战场环境中的威胁环境进行评估,而威胁环境中的威胁估计与飞机被雷达或类似的传感器探测出的风险度有关,需要考虑的信息包括无人机传感器范围内的威胁位置和强度.路径规划算法依赖于路径规划空间的建模方式,包括环境建模和威胁源建模.目前针对规划空间环境和威胁模型的建模方法缺乏系统分类和论述.分析了战场环境的建模方法,研究了规划空间的离散建模方式,根据无人机飞行过程中可能遭遇的威胁类型进行威胁源类型的划分,并针对三种威胁类型分别建立威胁风险模型,为无人机在复杂环境下的路径规划实现做了参数准备.     

激光捷联惯导车载重力测量试验

惯性导航系统中加速度计测量的比力是载体运动加速度与重力加速度的矢量和,当载体运动加速度能够被有效分离时,满足一定精度水平的惯性导航系统就可以成为动态重力仪。捷联式惯性导航系统体积小、重量轻、系统组成简单,可以在记录下惯性器件原始输出信息之后,通过离线处理过程进行数据处理和精度挖掘。本文通过对某高精度激光捷联惯导进行相应的软硬件更改,获得了兼具导航及重力测量功能的一体式动态重力仪。地面车载试验是验证动态重力仪的测量精度的有效手段之一,本文将一组高速公路重复测线的数据进行了处理和分析,结果表明在平均车速72km/hr的条件下,半波长分辨率2km,自由空间重力异常内符合精度优于1mGal。     

Data-driven prescribed performance control for satellite with large rotational component

In this paper, the high precision attitude control for satellite with large misaligned rotational component is investigated, proposing a novel model-free prescribed performance adaptive control (MF-PPAC) method. Based on the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) strategy, high-precision attitude control is achieved depending on the system measurement rather than the spacecraft mathematical model, which demonstrates the superiority in handling nonlinearity and uncertainty of the spacecraft system, especially for those with unbalance of the rotational component. Furthermore, the transient and the stable-state behavior of the tracking error using MFAC is constrained in the prescribed performance bounds and converges to zero gradually with the utilization of prescribed performance function (PPF) and error transformation method. Finally, the convergence and boundedness of the system error, the bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stability of the proposed MF-PPAC is demonstrated by the contraction mapping theory. Simulation and comparison with disturbance-observer-based PD control and MFAC illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Libration point orbits for lunar global positioning systems

With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions. The traditional configuration of constellation requires at least eighteen satellites to cover the whole lunar surface continuously. In this paper, the configurations of the libration point orbits (LPOs) constellations are investigated. By using the constellations on the Earth–Moon _L1$L_1$ and _L2$L_2$ LPOs, the basic functions of the LGPS can be realized by using eight to fourteen satellites. First, the LPO and the combinations of LPOs, which can be used in the constellations of the LGPS, are investigated. The criteria and procedures of the configuration design are introduced. Second, the configurations of LPOs constellations are investigated in the Earth–Moon circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The size of the LPOs and the distribution of the satellites on these LPOs are determined by using an exhaustive algorithm and a global optimization method, respectively. The key performance parameters of these constellations are computed. Third, the constellations with good performance in the CR3BP are redesigned in the more accurate Earth–Moon based Sun-perturbed bicircular four-body problem (B4BP). Moreover, in order to avoid the ground coverage problem caused by the perturbation of the Sun, some modifications are implemented, and the configuration of the no blind area LGPS in the B4BP is obtained.     

飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制

针对飞行器纵向模型具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的特点,提出一种飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制方法.动态面控制方法通过引入一阶低通滤波器避免了传统反演设计存在的"微分爆炸"现象,采用自适应律对模型未知参数进行在线估计,并利用非线性阻尼项克服外界干扰.通过Lyapunov方法证明得出闭环系统半全局一致稳定,跟踪误差可通过调节控制器参数达到任意小.仿真结果表明:该方法能在简化控制设计过程的同时保证航迹倾角跟踪上预定轨迹,控制系统具有较强的自适应能力且对外界干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.     

利用CFD技术计算飞行器动导数

利用非定常流场数值计算方法模拟飞行器强迫俯仰振荡仅能得到俯仰力矩系数对迎角变化率和俯仰角速度的动导数之和,而动稳定性分析需要单独的动导数数值.为解决这个问题,利用滑移网格模拟强迫振荡运动,得到俯仰力矩系数对迎角变化率和俯仰角速度的动导数之和.利用旋转参考坐标系模拟定常拉升,得到俯仰力矩系数对俯仰角速度的动导数.利用旋转参考坐标系模拟匀速滚转,得到滚转力矩系数对滚转角速度的动导数.对有翼导弹和水上飞机进行了纵向和横向动导数的计算.计算结果与试验数据、文献数据以及其他方法得到的结果具有较好的一致性,表明提出的方法可用于复杂外形飞行器动导数计算.     

高动态环境下惯组辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号的捕获

针对高动态环境下多普勒频移超出了接收机的搜索范围接收机无法捕获卫星导航信号这一问题,提出了利用INS辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号捕获的方法.该方法利用INS提供的载体位置、速度信息,并结合通过卫星星历(或历书)得到的卫星位置、速度估算载波多普勒频移,利用估算的载波多普勒频移重新设定GNSS接收机载波搜索中心频率,使G...     

基于H∞最优化与层次结构动态逆的非线性飞行控制器设计

针对扰动环境下的导弹飞行控制问题提出一种基于H∞最优化与层次结构动态逆(HSDI)的鲁棒非线性控制方法.设计层次结构动态逆控制器时将层次结构优化为3层,并按照时标分离的思想调整了各层次的状态变量,使得控制器更为简洁.在此基础上,将层次结构动态逆控制器与导弹6自由度(DOF)非线性模型联合作为H..控制的广义被控对象,通...     

Structural Nonlinear Flutter Characteristics Analysis for an Actuator-fin System with Dynamic Stiffness

The flutter characteristics of an actuator-fin system are investigated with structural nonlinearity and dynamic stiffness of the electric motor. The component mode substitution method is used to establish the nonlinear governing equations in time domain and frequency domain based on the fundamental dynamic equations of the electric motor and decelerator. The existing describing function method and a proposed iterative method are used to obtain the flutter characteristics containing preload freeplay nonlinea...     

基于动态空域管理的安全性研究

当前静态的空域结构已很难适应不断变化的流量对空域的使用需求,动态空域管理概念为解决这一问题提供了一个可行的解决方案。扇区结构优化调整作为动态空域管理的核心内容在解决空域资源使用紧张问题的同时,也给当前管制工作安全带来了挑战。主要从管制员工作负荷、空域结构调整可能带来的管制操作困难及空域划分触发机制3个方面来探讨研究动态空域管理相关安全性问题。