组合临界流文丘里喷嘴空气流量测量方法高空舱应用分析

为满足发动机高空试验低流速进气条件下空气流量精确测量,减小进气导管气流附面层影响,弱化空气流量测量与被试发动机相关性。分析了单件/组合临界流文丘里喷嘴的工作特性,给出了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴(ACFVN)空气流量计算方法,依据给定试验发动机和高空舱尺寸设计了临界流文丘里喷嘴组合结构,得到了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴在高空舱应用的控制方法和测试布局。采用小尺寸喷嘴对组合喷嘴设计和应用方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用打开/关闭喷嘴数量和调节进气压力两种组合方式在高空舱内应用方法可行,测试布局满足测量要求,下游发动机进口截面气流紊流度优于0.3%,满足发动机高空模拟试验要求。      

基于CMPSO算法的永磁同步电机转动惯量识别研究

永磁同步电机(PMSM)是一种具有很强非线性的动态系统,在工业驱动应用中发挥着重要作用。实时辨识转动惯量对于高精度PMSM系统控制和稳定性状态监测具有重要意义,但传统转动惯量识别方法精度较低。在传统离散模型参考自适应理论基础之上,用柯西变异粒子群优化(CMPSO)算法代替待辨识参数自适律设计环节,以实现PMSM转动惯量识别。该转动惯量辨识方法充分利用了CMPSO算法的快速高效收敛性,仿真结果和试验结果表明了可行性、正确性和准确性。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

对转螺旋桨流场气动干扰数值模拟

基于结构网格动态面搭接技术,通过求解三维非定常雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)方程,对单独螺旋桨(SRP)滑流流场进行了数值模拟,结果与风洞试验数据吻合良好,在此基础上深入研究了对转螺旋桨（CRP）的非定常滑流效应及前后桨之间的气动干扰现象。计算结果表明:所采用的非定常RANS方法能够良好刻画对转螺旋桨滑流流场的发展变化特征,适用于分析前后桨气动干扰特性。前后桨桨尖涡的复杂相互作用是导致对转螺旋桨气动干扰的直接原因,后桨桨尖涡对于前桨桨尖涡具有一定耗散作用。在气动干扰影响下,对转螺旋桨气动力会产生周期性波动,波动周期与螺旋桨桨叶数相关, 6×6对转螺旋桨在1个旋转周期内产生了12次波动。气流穿过对转螺旋桨会发生两次加速,因此在相同工况下,对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数相比于单独螺旋桨分别增大约1倍,效率提升约1.5%。      

耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

POD和DMD方法分析不同间隙压气机旋转不稳定性特性

对一台单级低速轴流压气机旋转不稳定性(RI)进行分析。在前期的旋转不稳定性特性、流场成因和不同间隙影响的研究基础上,进一步基于全通道数值模拟,采用两种流场降阶方法分析不同叶顶间隙条件下旋转不稳定性各阶模态对应的流场成分、模态能量占比和稳定性等特性。计算结果表明,前几阶模态能量占比大,对流场起主要贡献,并且稳定性相对较强。随着间隙的减小,旋转不稳定性的能量占比和稳定性下降,各阶的叶片转动成为流场的主要成分。      

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

摆线桨非定常动态失速的三维效应

对摆线桨三维全尺寸模型进行了非定常数值模拟。验证了两种嵌套网格方法的可靠性与适用性,针对二维/三维情况下摆线桨非定常涡流动特性及诱导分离特性开展了数值分析,重点研究了展向气动力随方位角的分布与全局流场的诱导速度分布,并分析了尾迹捕捉精度与涡量耗散特征。结果表明:受摆线桨切向速度、展向诱导速度等三维效应影响,两种计算结果的瞬态气动力极值差值达到44%。三维动态失速涡的产生、脱落与再附明显弱于二维翼型情况,这对于摆线桨非定常气动特性有较大影响。      

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

近代中国农村合作金融的早期思潮——以薛仙舟《中国合作化的方案》为中心

薛仙舟是近代中国合作思想史上的代表性人物,被国民政府尊奉为"中国合作运动的导师"。他制定的《中国合作化的方案》,蕴含了他在合作事业方面的设想和主张,成为中国合作运动的纲领性文件,在中国合作思想史上具有开创性的意义。这套方案中的思想来源于欧洲,虽然按照中国的现实国情进行了改造,但是依然存在着很多方面的不可实践性。