应急通信中 WSN 的角色及生存性分析

无线传感网（WSN）具有部署方便、灵活健壮的特点,在应急通信场合发挥着重要作用,但复杂恶劣的网络环境对无线传感网的设计和部署提出了更高要求。说明了应急通信的特点,并分析了应急通信中无线传感网的角色及面临的技术挑战。从网络生存性的角度归纳了网络生存性的相关研究工作,并重点探讨了应急通信环境下无线传感网的生存性技术问题。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

叶片磨抛机器人力/位混合控制的设计与实现

为提高航空类发动机叶片的自动化磨抛精度,减小复杂曲面叶片加工轨迹控制误差,采用基于六维力传感器的机器人力/位混合控制策略,实现机器人磨抛轨迹的在线修正。搭建以Staubli机器人和ATI六维力传感器为核心部件的叶片磨抛验证平台,通过C++开发上位机,采集磨抛过程中六维力传感器信息并进行Kalman滤波。通过示教确定机器人运动轨迹,对机器人运动轨迹与力传感器信息进行采集分析,确定基于力/位混合控制可以实现机器人运动轨迹的在线修正,为复杂曲面的叶片磨抛轨迹控制提供一种解决方案。     

ZSGA?2型重力敏感器关键技术分析与试验验证

与国外主流海洋重力仪相比,国产海洋重力仪的分辨率低一个数量级,这制约了国产海洋重力仪的应用。针对国产海洋重力仪亟需提高分辨技术的需求,根据ZSGA-2型重力敏感器的工作原理,建立了弹性系统的力学模型,并开展了样机的静态性能测试。测试结果表明,经零位漂移和大地固体潮汐修正后的静态精度达到了0.03mGal,样机随重力仪进行楼层高差测量的重复性为0.15mGal。该型重力敏感器的分辨率已经达到了国外同类产品的技术水平,并具备了一定的动态适应性,为该型高分辨率零长弹簧重力敏感器开展高动态环境适应性技术研究奠定了坚实基础。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

基于经验模式分解法的航空发动机振动传感器故障诊断技术研究

在深入研究经验模式分解法基本理论的基础上,针对航空发动机振动传感器故障的时频特征,提出一种基于经验模式分解法的传感器故障诊断新方法.该方法的关键在于将含有传感器故障的航空发动机振动测试信号进行经验模式分解,利用这种方法的局部自适应特性和时频多分辨率分析将传感器输出信号的局部特性细化,使故障信息凸显出来.分析结果表明,该方法可以准确诊断传感器软、硬故障,有效降低误报率和漏报率,具有很好的应用价值.     

基于健康蜕化的航空发动机传感器故障诊断(英文)

改进在线故障诊断算法使其能适应发动机健康蜕化是目前故障诊断所面临的困难,如果诊断算法没有自适应能力,在发动机健康蜕化后将失去其诊断功能。为了解决此问题,提出在线故障诊断算法,采用跟踪滤波器估计发动机的健康状况,机载模型根据跟踪滤波器的估计结果进行更新。更新后的机载模型能够与真实的发动机相匹配。这使得当发动机健康蜕化后在线故障诊断仍能保持其有效性。最后采用一组卡尔曼滤波器来对航空发动机传感器故障进行诊断与隔离。通过设计好的一组卡尔曼滤波器,能够诊断并隔离出故障。本文使用非线性发动机模型来验证此方法,仿真结果表明本文提出的在线诊断方法在发动机健康蜕化后仍能保持其有效性。     

压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统的研究及验证

以某型无人机机翼盒段试验件为对象,进行了压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统的研究。自主研发了国内首台集成压电多通道扫查系统,可实现多达552个激励 传感通道的损伤自动扫查,并同光纤光栅解调系统组合,自行开发了集成健康监测系统软件,构成了压电-光纤综合结构健康监测系统。基于该系统进行了大型碳纤维复合材料盒段试验件弯扭强度实验过程中的结构健康监测功能验证研究,监测结构尺寸达4000 m×1200 m×0.265 m,监测对象包括结构的应变场分布及抽钉失效。系统监测了全盒段上下壁板共34点的应变场分布情况,应变场监测准确;监测系统不仅对结构抽钉的缺失实现了准确监测,而且可以分辨所实验结构的4种抽钉缺失程度。     

臭氧对羰基铁粉-CSM吸波涂层的影响

进行了改性羰基铁粉-氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)吸波涂层的臭氧环境暴露试验,并利用SEM、XRD、IR、DSC和TG等方法研究了臭氧对其表面结构和性能的影响。结果表明,臭氧造成CSM表层分解,部分羰基铁粉脱落,但未影响改性羰基铁粉的相组成,对涂层吸波性能的影响不显著。     

基于超磁致伸缩材料的FBG电流传感器温度特性研究

针对基于超磁致伸缩材料的FBG电流传感器,分析了温度对传感头各个部分和整个传感头的影响,通过试验研究了FBG、Fe—Ga超磁致伸缩棒以及传感头三个部分的温度特性。结果表明,FBG的温度特性为线性,Fe—Ga超磁致伸缩棒以及传感头的温度特性整体为非线性,Fe—Ga超磁致伸缩棒的温度响应大于FBG的温度响应,传感头的温度特性主要取决于Fe—Ga超磁致伸缩棒的温度特性。在26℃到60℃范围内,根据传感头的温度特性,可采取分段补偿的方法消除温度影响,将温度特性分为线性区和非线性区两个范围,分别得到了传感头温度特性拟合方程。