基于支板燃烧室的喷管化学非平衡效应

采用有限体积法全隐式格式和代用燃料C₁₂H₂₃的10组元13步化学反应Arrhenius有限速率模型研究煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机单边膨胀喷管(SERN, Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle)内的化学非平衡流动,通过建立支板燃烧室——喷管模型有效解决了单边膨胀喷管模型的"入口薄层"问题.计算结果表明,整个单边膨胀喷管内,流动呈现化学非平衡效应,喷管入口附近区域尤其显著;非平衡流动喷管性能明显高于冻结流动,随发动机当量混合比 ε增加,非平衡流动的喷管推力系数和升力系数相对冻结流动的百分比增量 δ不断升高,当 ε=0.8时,推力系数百分比增量 δ_CF达到9.41%,升力系数百分比增量 δ_CY达到16.39%,化学非平衡效应对煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机尾喷管性能的影响不可忽略.     

燃油分配对超燃冲压发动机的性能影响仿真分析

针对超燃冲压发动机两级燃油分配对内流道流动过程、燃烧模态、发动机性能及调节特性的影响问题,建立了发动机一维流动分析模型;对马赫数6/当量比1,马赫数6/当量比0.6,马赫数4/当量比1三种工况不同的一级/二级燃烧室燃油分配比例下的流动过程进行了仿真,并获得了不同燃油分配规律下的发动机性能.通过分析表明：超燃冲压发动机的两级燃油分配比例直接影响发动机内流道内的流动参数分布、燃烧模态及发动机比冲等性能参数.对于马赫数6/当量比1工况,当一级燃烧室的燃油分配比例为30％～70％时,可在全流道内组织纯超声速燃烧,最高比冲超过800 s;对于马赫数6/当量比0.6工况,即使将所有的燃油均在一级燃烧室喷入,流道也不会壅塞,该工况下最大比冲超过800s;对于马赫数4/当量比1工况,燃烧室内组织亚声速燃烧,最大比冲为1 031.9 s;为保证亚声速燃烧扰动不传递到燃烧室入口外,一级燃油分配比例不应过高.     

不同入口马赫数对超燃冲压发动机尾喷管的性能影响研究

针对采用多目标优化方法设计的超声速燃烧冲压发动机非对称喷管,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和有限体积方法数值求解有组分的守恒形式Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟喷管不同入口马赫数条件下的喷管流场和性能.计算结果表明:喷管入口马赫数的变化会对喷管内流参数带来一定影响,导致喷管的推力和升力同时增大或减小,飞行器的配平性能...     

马赫数4～7的高超侧压式进气道气动设计与性能

对巡航马赫数为7、转级马赫数为4的宽范围侧压式进气道进行了设计,讨论了主要设计参数的选取原则,给出了一种曲面压缩的高性能侧压式进气道设计方案,并利用数值仿真手段对其流场结构及性能进行了研究.结果表明,所设计的侧压式进气道在马赫数Ma=4时的流量系数达到0.753,最大正攻角可达6°以上.Ma=6时,流量系数达到0.94...     

Numerical study of test gas vitiation effects on hydrogen-fueled scramjet combustion

The effects of major vitiated species (H₂O and CO₂) and minor vitiated species (H,OH and O radicals) produced by combustion air preheater on ignition and combustion of hydrogen-fueled scramjet were numerically investigated.Firstly,kinetic analyses with CHEMKIN SENKIN code were conducted to evaluate the effects of contamination on the ignition delay times of hydrogen fuel over a range of temperature and pressure variations.Then numerical simulation of a three-dimensional reacting flow in hydrogen-fueled scramjet combustor was performed.The two-equation shear stress transport κ-ω turbulence model was used for modeling turbulence and 33 reactions finite-rate chemistry was used for modeling the H₂/air kinetics.The results show that: free radical species such as H,O,and OH may significantly promote the ignition process of hydrogen-air at relatively low initial temperature and pressure.However,H₂O and CO₂ have inhibition effects on the ignition process.Under the same conditions,H₂O has more effective inhibition effects than CO₂.The temperature and pressure rise due to combustion are lower in the air vitiated with H₂O and CO₂ because of their higher heat capacities and more dissociation.Combustion efficiency and thrust calculated for vitiated air case are lower than clean air case.These results indicate the importance of accounting for vitiation effects when extrapolating performance data from ground test to flight demonstration.      

Thermodynamic Characteristic Study of a High-temperature Flow-rate Control Valve for Fuel Supply of Scramjet Engines

Thermodynamic characteristics are of great importance for the performance of a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,as high-temperature environment may bring problems,such as blocking of spool and increasing of leakage,to the valve.In this paper,a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,pilot-controlled by a pneumatic servo system is developed to control the fuel supply for scramjet engines.After introducing the construction and working principle,the thermodynamic mathematical models of the valve are built based on the heat transfer methods inside the valve.By using different boundary conditions,different methods of simulations are carried out and compared.The steady-state and transient temperature field distribution inside the valve body are predicted and temperatures at five interested points are measured.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,a reasonable 3D finite element analysis method is suggested to predict the thermodynamic characteristics of the high-temperature flow-rate control valve.     

超声速燃烧地面试验的蓄热式加热器及其关键技术

为了模拟飞行状态下进入超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的高焓空气,在地面模拟试验中需要对空气加热,可再生蓄热式加热器是一种能提供相对纯净高焓空气的试验设备。介绍了蓄热式加热器的工作原理与特点,分析了关键技术。结果表明,蓄热式加热器具有加热空气总温高、流量大和相对纯净的优点,是我国超燃冲压发动机地面试验的发展趋势,但蓄热阵材料、加热器结构、超高温阀和大范围调节预热燃烧器等是关键技术,有待进一步研究和攻关。     

超燃冲压发动机尾喷管性能对型面参数的回归研究

为了研究型面参数对基于三次曲线构型的超燃冲压发动机尾喷管性能的影响规律,采用均匀设计和回归分析的方法开展了型面参数化研究,得到了尾喷管性能参数与构型参数间的回归模型.研究表明下壁面高度对尾喷管的升力性能影响不显著,其余型面参数对尾喷管性能有影响且为交互作用.同时,上下壁面出口高度增加能提高尾喷管推力性能,上壁面长度增加对升力性能有益,而上壁面出口高度和角度的增加则反之;上壁面出口高度对俯仰力矩性能的影响与升力性能类似,但俯仰力矩性能与上壁面入口角度呈正相关,而出口角度在大部分情况下对俯仰力矩性能呈负相关;下壁面在一定范围内截短对上壁面压强分布影响不显著.      

基于等熵压缩面型面坐标变换的二维曲面压缩面数值模拟

利用坐标变换矩阵对等熵压缩面型面坐标进行缩放变换,得到一系列不同曲率的二维曲面压缩面.利用数值模拟手段对该系列曲面压缩面进行了研究,并与壁面马赫数线性分布和压升规律可控的压缩面进行了比较.结果表明:等熵压缩面型面坐标变换后其长度明显缩短,在相同总偏转角下x轴坐标缩放比例因子为0.7的曲面压缩面长度缩短30%;不同x轴坐标缩放比例因子的曲面压缩面产生分散、不汇聚于一点的压缩波并能保持等熵压缩的流动特征,壁面压力分布得到一定程度的改善且随着x轴坐标缩放比例因子的减小,壁面马赫数逐渐趋于呈线性分布;x轴坐标缩放比例因子为0.5的曲面压缩面同壁面马赫数线性分布的压缩面在流场结构、壁面压力、壁面马赫数分布以及出口截面总压恢复系数、出口截面马赫数分布方面具有高度的相似性.      

超燃冲压发动机喷管下唇板可调方案

高超声速飞行器在飞行接力点和巡航结束点受喷管冷、热态膨胀状态不同的影响,会产生较大的冷、热态俯仰力矩差,从而对飞行器姿态控制带来较大困难.针对该问题,研究了下唇板可调方案对降低冷、热态俯仰力矩差的有效性,对不同下唇板角度进行数值模拟,得到了喷管性能参数.结果表明:下唇板旋转6°时,设计马赫数Ma=4.5下冷、热态俯仰力矩差下降29.57%,推力系数减小0.42%.并且进行了下唇板角度可调方案的风洞试验和对应的数值模拟,对比发现数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所提出的可调方案及数值模拟结果的正确性.