新型AlTiN涂层钻头高效干式钻削40Cr的开发与试验

针对40cr的高效干钻削,开发了含铝质量百分比分别为40%和55%的AlTiN涂层钻头.通过刀具耐用度、加工表面质量、刀具磨损、切削变形等方面的研究,分析了不同含铝量的涂层对干钻削加工的影响.试验结果表明,AlTiN涂层钻头适合高效干钻削,并能保持良好的加工表面质量,特别是含铝量为55%的涂层,其耐用度在90 m/min的切削速度下是含铝40%涂层的1.3倍.试验还揭示了这两种涂层干钻削的磨损机理:两种AlTiN涂层都出现了氧化磨损,高含铝量的涂层在切削温度下易形成致密的氧化膜,使刀具抗高温性增加并减少涂层剥落,最终以涂层塌陷形式失效;低含铝量涂层刀具以涂层剥落、微崩刃形式失效.同时高含铝量涂层改善了加工过程中的润滑条件.     

带凸肩叶片非旋转状态减振特性试验

设计了一套能够准确施加凸肩接触面正压力的非旋转状态带凸肩叶片减振特性试验系统,并对该系统的设计要求、正压力的加载方案以及试验误差进行了说明.利用该试验系统对不同激振力、不同初始正压力、不同凸肩接触角度和不同凸肩位置下叶片的一阶弯曲振动特性进行了测试,分析了凸肩接触面正压力、凸肩接触角度及凸肩位置等重要参数对凸肩结构减振效果的影响规律.试验结果显示,对一定的激振力存在一个最优的接触面初始正压力使得凸肩减振效果最好;凸肩接触角度和位置使凸肩接触面相对运动越大,凸肩的减振效果越好.      

可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染的测试设备

详细介绍了某些可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染测试设备的基本原理，基本结构及使用方法；对其主要性能进行了实验测定，并给出了系统误差分析，该设备结构简单，功能齐全,性能可靠，使用方便；测试波段从近红外直至远红外，精度优于3％，与国外同类仪器相当，可用于各类可凝性气冷凝霜层的测试研究，为进一步发展空间技术提供了有效的研究设备。     

The radial distribution of gamma rays and cosmic rays in the outer Galaxy

The radial distribution of the high-energy (70 MeV-5 GeV) gamma-ray emissivity in the outer Milky Way is derived. The kinematics of HI are used to construct column-density maps in three galacto-centric distance ranges in the outer Galaxy. These maps are used in combination with COS-B gamma-ray data to determine gamma-ray emissivities in these distance ranges. A steep negative gradient of the emissivity for the 70 MeV-150 MeV energy range is found in the outer Galaxy. The emissivity for the 300 MeV-5 GeV range is found to be approximately constant (within 20%) and equal to the local value out to large (20 kpc) galacto-centric distances. These results imply a hardening of the gamma-ray spectrum with increrasing distance and for R > 16 kpc the spectrum is shown to be consistent with a π°-decay spectrum with the intensity expected from the local measurement of the cosmic-ray nuclei spectrum. The energy-dependent decrease is interpreted as a steep gradient in the cosmic-ray electron density and a near constancy of the nuclear component. The galactic origin of electrons with energies up to several hundreds of MeV is confirmed, while for cosmic-ray nuclei with energies of a few GeV either confinement in a large galactic halo or an extragalactic origin is suggested by the data.     

现代切削技术的发展趋势

本文论述了当前切削加工技术发展的主要趋势，介绍了切削技术发展中的关键技术、发现状及发展方向。     

干滑动摩擦下SiC/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能

采用摩擦磨损试验机研究不同滑动距离下的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料( SiC体积含量为9%)的摩擦磨损性能。在载荷45 N(5 MPa)、转速200 r/min、转动距离分别为5000 r、10000 r以及20000 r条件下,进行连续干滑动摩擦实验。结果表明：在长程连续干滑动下,其摩擦系数变化可分为磨合区、缓慢上升区、加速上升区3个阶段;随着摩擦距离的增加,基体表面的温度急剧升高,进而发生黏着磨损,产生塑性流变区,多种摩擦方式并存使得该条件下摩擦系数与磨损量均增加。     

A continual model of soil organic matter transformations for predicting soil forming dynamics inside higher plant CELSS

A continual model of humification and mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM) formed under the conditions of a Lunar base from biological waste materials is proposed. The model parameters corresponding to the conditions of several Earths climatic regions are estimated. The time necessary for the formation of organic matter in the soil based on regolith and higher plant residues has been evaluated. Soil formation under tropical conditions are shown to be the most appropriate for Lunar base CELSS due to high matter turnover rate, relatively short formation time, minimum deposited mass, and satisfactory predictability of expected soil parameters.     

航空航天用热固性二硫化钼干膜润滑剂的研制

采用酸酐、601和618混合环氧树脂、胶体二硫化钼及特殊溶剂和添加剂等制备成的热固性二硫化钼干膜润滑剂,涂层经200℃、固化2h后形成了润滑减摩层。结果表明,其膜层不仅附着力、防腐性、耐高低温性及耐液体介质性好,而且在热真空环境下工作性能稳定、摩擦系数低、耐磨寿命长。     

Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

Direct dark matter searches with CDMS and XENON

The cryogenic dark matter search (CDMS) and XENON experiments aim to directly detect dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering on the target nuclei. The experiments use different techniques to suppress background event rates to the minimum, and at the same time, to achieve a high WIMP detection rate. The operation of cryogenic Ge and Si crystals of the CDMS-II experiment in the Soudan mine reported spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 (12) kg-d for the Ge (Si) targets after cuts, over the recoil energies 10–100 keV for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c². It gives an upper limit (90% C.L.) of spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-section at 1.6 × 10⁻⁴³ cm² for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c², starting to constrain predications in supersymmetry models. The two-phase xenon detector of the XENON10 experiment is currently taking data in the Gran Sasso underground lab and promising preliminary results were recently reported. Both experiments are expected to increase their WIMP sensitivity by a one order of magnitude in the scheduled science runs for 2007.